中国的改革发端于农村，目的在于调节农民和土地之间的关系。1978年以前，数亿中国人还在为温饱问题发愁。经过40年的发展,中国有7亿多农村贫困人口实现脱贫。这不仅为全面建设小康社会奠定了坚实的基础，而且为全人类的减贫和发展事业作出了巨大贡献。

　　China’s reform and opening up originated in rural areas with adjustment of the relationship between farmers and land. Before 1978, hundreds of millions of Chinese people were struggling to meet their basic daily needs. After 40 years of development, more than 700 million people in rural areas of China were lifted out of poverty. This not only laid a solid foundation for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, but also made great contributions to poverty alleviation and development for all mankind.

　　1978年，安徽凤阳小岗村的18户农民走出了农村改革的第一步，破除了计划经济体制诸多束缚，实行以家庭联产承包责任制为基础的家庭经营。农民得以承包土地，自由进行农业生产，这使农民以巨大的热情投入到农业生产之中。

　　In 1978, farmers from 18 households in Xiaogang Village of Fengyang County, Anhui Province took the lead in China’s rural reform. By breaking up the people’s commune system, removing many of the constraints of the planned economy and implementing the household responsibility system, farmers received contracted land they could freely decide what to grow, which greatly stimulated their enthusiasm for agricultural production.

　　农村改革为国家下一步发展奠定了良好基础。1978年到1985年，农村经济体制改革带来的深刻变化极大促进了经济增长，贫困人口大量减少。按照当时的标准，那一时期50%的农村贫困人口实现了温饱。按2011年的标准，那一时期超1亿人实现了脱贫。1986年到1993年，通过开发式扶贫，农村贫困人口从1.25亿人减少到8000万人。

　　Rural reform laid a solid foundation for the country’s development in the next stage. From 1978 to 1985, the profound reform of China’s rural economic system provided a strong impetus for unconventional economic growth and dramatic reduction of the poverty-stricken population. According the standards at that time, 50 percent of the rural population in poverty met their basic needs during this period. And even according to the poverty alleviation standards updated in 2011, more than 100 million rural people were lifted out of poverty during the period. The rural poor population reduced from 125m to 80m through development-oriented poverty relief efforts in a period of eight years from 1986 to 1993.

　　口译： 翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题

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