一、译前自测-ECO选段(英译汉)

　　建议落笔翻译，若手头暂无纸笔，也可先进行视译。

　　CHILDBIRTH IS MESSY. When a baby comes out, a lot else comes out with it. Some of this material is inevitable, such as the amniotic fluid that presages birth and the placenta which follows it. But a fair bit of faeces is discharged, too. From an evolutionary perspective, that seems surprising. Exposing newborns to such bacteria-laden excrement looks risky. Yet no mechanism has arisen to stop it happening. Evidence is mounting, moreover, that far from being harmful, this exposure is actually important for the development of the child’s immune system. Interaction with the multitude of microscopic organisms a baby picks up when it is born helps that system to learn friend from foe. Without it, immune disorders like allergies and type-1 diabetes may follow. Components of the gut flora are also involved in digesting certain foodstuffs containing complex carbohydrates, and an unbalance in the relevant microbial mix is implicated in obesity.

　　二、相关词汇学习与积累-逆向

　　分娩开始前就会流出的羊水the amniotic fluid that presages birth

　　分娩后排出来的胎盘the placenta which follows it

　　排出一些粪便a fair bit of faeces is discharged

　　充满细菌的bacteria-laden

　　排泄物excrement

　　越来越多的证据evidence is mounting

　　不仅无害far from being harmful

　　免疫系统的发育the development of the child’s immune system

　　分清敌友learn friend from foe

　　过敏和1型糖尿病allergies and type-1 diabetes

　　免疫性疾病immune disorders

　　肠道菌群gut flora

　　复杂碳水化合物complex carbohydrates

　　微生物群组合microbial mix

　　三、双语对照参考(水平好得同学可对译文进行润色)

　　CHILDBIRTH IS MESSY. When a baby comes out, a lot else comes out with it. Some of this material is inevitable, such as the amniotic fluid that presages birth and the placenta which follows it. But a fair bit of faeces is discharged, too. From an evolutionary perspective, that seems surprising. Exposing newborns to such bacteria-laden excrement looks risky. Yet no mechanism has arisen to stop it happening. Evidence is mounting, moreover, that far from being harmful, this exposure is actually important for the development of the child’s immune system. Interaction with the multitude of microscopic organisms a baby picks up when it is born helps that system to learn friend from foe. Without it, immune disorders like allergies and type-1 diabetes may follow. Components of the gut flora are also involved in digesting certain foodstuffs containing complex carbohydrates, and an unbalance in the relevant microbial mix is implicated in obesity.

　　生孩子的场景一片狼藉。孩子离开母体时会带出很多别的东西。有些是不可避免的，比如在分娩开始前就会流出的羊水和分娩后排出来的胎盘。但也会排出一些粪便。从进化的角度看，这似乎令人意外。让新生儿接触这种充满细菌的排泄物看起来很危险，但人体并没有产生什么机制来阻止它发生。此外，越来越多的证据表明这种接触不仅无害，实际上对新生儿免疫系统的发育很重要。出生时接触多种微生物能帮助新生儿的免疫系统学习分清敌友。如果没有这种接触，以后可能就会出现诸如过敏和1型糖尿病等免疫性疾病。肠道菌群中的一些细菌也参与消化某些含有复杂碳水化合物的食物，这种微生物群组合中的失衡与过度肥胖有关联。

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