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　　Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.

　　In a class at the company’s internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Dull to the way Apple builds its smart phones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.

　　Steven P. Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple’s business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.

　　Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers of “Communicating at Apple.” This course，open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.

　　In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.

　　“You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do,” recalled one person who took the course.

　　In “What Makes Apple, Apple,” another course that Mr. Nelson occasionallyteachers, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said. Mr. Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.

　　How did Apple’s designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea, Mr. Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed 一 a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.

　　The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr. Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.

　　苹果公司很可能是地球上唯一一个敢与将自己与毕加索相提并论的科技公司。 在公司内部大学的课程中，讲师认为毕加索创作《公牛》过程中连画十一幅画稿的方法与苹果设计智能手机和其他设备的方法相类似，他认为：苹果的设计师力求简洁的态度，与毕加索为创作惊世之作而删去细枝末节的做法并无二致。　　评讲：这一段难度不大，但需要一点儿背景知识，毕加索创作公牛时连画十一稿，细节越画越少，在翻译时如果不了解这一点，容易出现偏差。此外这个句子中存在两个比较级，要注意不要翻译得过分罗嗦。

　　史蒂芬·P·乔布斯创建苹果大学是为了向员工灌输苹果的企业文化，让员工了解企业的历史， 特别是在公司不断成长、科技行业不断变化的过程中尤其重要。所有的课程都不是必修课，仅是推荐大家学习，但招收新员工上课从来不成问题。

　　兰迪·尼尔森来自动画电影皮克斯公司，而这家公司的联合创始人也是乔布斯。现在他是“在苹果学沟通”课程的讲师之一。这门课程面向所有级别员工开放，主要讲授如何清晰地进行沟通，而这不仅仅是为了让苹果的产品更直观，也为了让员工和他们的同事交流想法以及销售苹果产品。 在去年上课的时候，尼尔森在电脑上放映了一个有关《公牛》这部作品的幻灯片，其中包括毕加索从1945 年末 开始，用了一个多月的时间画的 11 稿公牛。在开始，公牛有口鼻部、肩胫部和牛蹄，但随着反复绘制，这些细节消失了。最终的一张图就是一个由曲线优美的线条画，不过还是一眼就能认出那是头牛。　要不断修改，直到能以非常简洁的方式传达意图，对于苹果品牌和我们所做的每件事来说都是如此。”一位上过这门课程的学生回忆道。 “什么造就了苹果?是苹果自己”是尼尔森偶尔会讲授的另一门课程，一名去年上过这门课的员工说道，尼尔森在课上展示了一张谷歌电视遥控器的幻灯片，上面有78个按键。那个员工说，尼尔森接着展示了一张苹果电视遥控器的照片，一块薄薄的金属片，上面仅有三个按键。

　　苹果设计师如何决定只设计三个按键呢?尼尔森解释道，设计师们从一个想法出发，然后反复讨论，直到他们获得自己所需要的东西——一个播放/暂停键，一个频道选择键，还有一个去往主菜单的键。 尼尔森先生说，谷歌电视遥控器是个反面教材，按键太多的原因是每个参与设计的工程师和设计师都获得了各自需要的东西。

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