2018.05翻译资格考试英语一级笔译试题(回忆整理版)

　　英译汉

　　Diversity in publishing – stillhideously middle-class and white?

　　原文地址

　　https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/dec/09/diversity-publishing-new-faces#img-1

　　In December 2015, British publishingstood accused of woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after World Book Night (WBN) announced its titles, and none of the 15 books was by a writer of color. An apology was issued by organizers, but a wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, the troubling feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident and more a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across the literary establishment.

　　A report on the state of the books industry had been published earlier that year which drew attention tohow intransigently white, middle-class and male it remained, from literary festivals and prizes to publications and personnel.

　　The industry has been announcing strategies for change since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships, mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially under-represented and BAME(black, Asian, minority ethnic groups)applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating opportunities for women to move into boardrooms.

　　To name few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from outside London, and has set a company goal “for all new hires and the books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. Harper Collins is launching programs for BAME employees and those taking long-term parental leave, whileHachetteis encouraging diversity at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board members.

　　Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s campaign, which connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to agents, editors and authors, ishelping to demystify these professions.

　　Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher, regards the endeavor for better representation in publishing as a struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalized in its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or schemes.

　　In the1980s she helped to found Greater Access to Publishing, a group that campaigned to diversify the industry. An article she wrote in 1988 posed questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are publishers doing to make their companies a more accurate reflection of their lists, readers and society?”

　　“What’s happening now is more initiatives,” Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved with initiatives.”Margaret Busby believes the struggle for better representation in publishing is no closer to being won. (gocatti)

　　There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communitiesthat systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even though women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversity is one of its most stubborn problems.

　　汉译英

　　中国商飞 http://www.comac.cc/gk/

　　官网翻译地址 http://english.comac.cc/aboutus/introduction/

　　本公司是经国务院批准成立，由国家控股的有限责任公司。本公司重点实施国家大型飞机重大专项中大型客机项目，统筹干线飞机和支线飞机发展、实现我国民用飞机的产业化，主要从事民用飞机及相关产品的科研、生产、试验试飞，从事民用飞机销售及服务、租赁和运营等相关业务。

　　本公司按照现代企业制度组建和运营，重点加强飞机研发设计、总装制造、市场营销、客户服务、适航取证和供应商管理等能力，走市场化、集成化、产业化、国际化的发展道路，将全力打造更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的大型客机。

　　大型客机是一个国家工业、科技水平的综合实力的集中体现。本公司作为世界民机大家庭的成员，将与客户、合作伙伴携手合作，致力于为客户提供更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的民用飞机，使更多的人享受航空科技成果，使人类进入一个安全性水平更高、飞行风险更低的新时代，一个“人与蓝天和谐相处”的新时代。

　　参考译文

　　We are a state-owned company formed with the approval of the State Council. Our company focuses on implementing large passenger aircraft programs in China. It is also mandated with the overall planning of developing trunk liner and regional jet programs and realizing the industrialization of civil aircraft in China. Our company is engaged in the research, manufacture and flight tests of civil aircraft and related products, as well as marketing, servicing, leasing and operations of civil aircraft.

　　This company is formed and operated according to the standards of modern enterprise system, and focusing on aircraft design, final assembly, manufacturing, marketing, customer service, airworthiness certification, and supplier management. We attach great importance to marketing, integration, industrialization and globalization. Thecompany endeavors to manufacture large passenger aircraft that are safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly.

　　Large passenger aircraft is the embodiment the nation’s industrial and technological standing as well as the comprehensive power. As a member in the big family of world civil aircraft, we will work together with customers and cooperative partners to deliver safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly civil aircraft, help more people benefit from the achievements of aviation science and technology, make human enter a new era with higher safety and lower risk in flight, i.e. a new era of "harmonious coexistence of men and blue sky”.

　　英汉审定

　　Algorithmic bias: a new fintech challenge

　　原文地址

　　https://qz.com/1121150/algorithmic-bias-a-new-fintech-challenge

　　注：出题人为题目需要对原文进行增改

　　It’s hard to make claim that technology hasn’t improved many facets of our everyday lives. Ordering lunch, calling a cab, and even managing your finances can be done instantly with a smart phone. The unique algorithms powering these applications have found a way to process information more effectively, replacing error-prone human judgement in the decision making process. Technology has seemingly reached a point where people blindly trust these unfamiliar algorithms to provide solutions to a range of problems both trivial and major. That dispassionate technology is weighing in on complex issues may not concern some, but a growing body of evidence suggests algorithms exhibit similar biases as humans.(翻译中存在1处错误)

　　Instead of replacing flawed human intuition, these tools have been shown to reinforce some existing biases that afflict disadvantaged groups. This rings true in financial services where digital services continue to breach traditional banking strongholds. Despite improving the number of global unbanked by 5% between 2011 and 2014, the global gender gap in account ownership remained unchanged at 7% over the same 3 year period, according to the World Bank. The disparity widens to 9% in developing countries, as women often face disproportionately higher hurdles to financial independence.(翻译中存在2处错误)

　　Part of the problem is that the complex mathematical models behind today’s algorithms aren’t all held to the same ethical standard. It happens that a large proportion of software development and oversight is done by men. Though perhaps unintentional, the potential for products to inadvertently adopt some bias or emotion increases.(翻译中存在1处错误)

　　The algorithms behind online lenders, for instance, exhibit much of the same gender biases as traditional lenders. These new lending platforms are pulling in all kinds of alternative data such as purchase and browsing history, on top of conventional requirements of income, education, and residence, to determine borrower’s creditworthiness. Many of these determinants regularly favor men despite a growing body of research that proves women tend to save more and make more on-time loan payments.(翻译中存在1处错误)

　　As a result, women entrepreneurs still receive fewer and smaller business loans with higher interests rates compared to men. This disparity in financing denies women an opportunity to make an equal contribution to economic growth.翻译中存在2处错误

　　Of course, as finance and technology companies look to expand, it would be unwise to go on ignoring potential human biases. As women increase their role as financial decision makers, this rings particularly true: Today women in the United States exercise control over $11 trillion, or 39% of the country’s investable assets.

　　(翻译中存在1处错误)

　　One possible solution would be to make these tools more transparent, though, for many fintech companies, moving to an open source model means losing their competitive advantage. In some cases, the tech has become so advanced that even the creators have trouble understanding the implications of a machine’s decisions, in which event women must play a greater role in the initial development process. Technology and software is often designed with a clear bias towards its male developers, therefore hiring women to lead product development teams would not necessarily help move the needle in the right direction.(翻译中存在1处错误)

　　Although it’s still difficult to eliminate bias altogether, designing diverse organizations with various races and genders increases awareness of these harsh realities. In fact, a recent report from Credit Suisse suggests having women involved in the early stages of a project helps to limit bias and create more inclusive products. For one thing, they can help design products that take into account the distinct financial needs and preferences of women. Generally, digital financial services tend to neglect women’s tendency to save, invest in their children and family, and develop a business.(翻译中存在1处错误)

　　Recognizing the problem is a start, and as women’s economic influence grows around the world, success will depend on inclusive technologies that meet this vast untapped market. In doing so, we can move to lower the presence of bias in modern technology and unlock the potential $12 trillion economic opportunity achieving gender equality could deliver.

　　1. 错译：取代决策中错误的人为判断 改为：纠正人为决策中易失误的地方(不确定)

　　2. 错译：无银行账户的人数增加了5% 改为：减少

　　3. 错译：据世界银行 改为：世界银行的数据显示(不确定)

　　4. 错译：大部分软件开发和疏漏是由男性导致的 改为：因为多数开发和监管软件的是男性

　　5. 错译：忽略传统借贷对收入教育住宅等的要求 改为：除了对收入等有要求外，还…(考察on top of )

　　6. 错译：结果 改为：因此(不确定)

　　7. 错译：否认了女性对经济增长做出同等贡献的机会 改为：剥夺了…机会

　　8. 错译：并且掌握了美国可投资资产的39% 改为：也就是…39%

　　9. 错译：女性领导产品开发团队能朝着正确的方向穿针引线 改为：未必能

　　10.错译：唯一的原因是 改为：其中一个原因是(考察for one thing)

　　汉英审定(不完整)

　　全面建成小康社会，全面深化改革，全面依法治国，全面从严治党的战略。创新协调绿色开放共享发展。

　　创新发展：把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置。

　　协调发展：重点促进城乡区域协调发展，促进经济社会协调发展，促进新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展，在增强国家硬实力的同时注重提升国家软实力，不断增强发展整体性。

　　绿色发展：坚持节约资源、保护环境的基本国策。

　　开放发展：牢固树立并切实贯彻开放发展理念，坚定不移地走开放发展之路，着力发展更高层次的开放型经济，积极参与全球经济治理和公共产品供给，提高我国在全球经济治理中的制度性话语权，构建广泛的利益共同体。

　　共享发展：牢固树立并切实贯彻共享发展理念，坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，让全体人民朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进。

　　待审校英文译文略