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2020年翻译考试一级笔译实务模拟题七

来源 :中国人民共和国驻多米尼克大使馆 2019-12-05

中

中美贸易战的真相

The Truth About China-U.S. Trade War

驻多米尼克大使卢坤就中美贸易摩擦在多主流媒体发表署名文章

Ambassador Lu Kun Published a Signed Article on China-U.S. Trade War

2019年6月26日

26 June 2019

　　近日，驻多米尼克大使卢坤在多《纪事报》、《太阳报》和多米尼克新闻在线等主流媒体发表题为《中美贸易战的真相》的署名文章，澄清中美贸易战事实、批驳所谓“美国吃亏论”并阐述中方立场。卢大使文章全文译文如下：

　　Recently, H.E. Lu Kun, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China in the Commonwealth of Dominica published a signed article entitled “The Truth About China-U.S. Trade War” in Dominican mainstream media including the Chronicle, the SUN and Dominica News Online, elaborating on China’s position on the China-U.S. trade war. Following is the full text of Ambassador Lu’s article:

　　近日，中美贸易摩擦成为全球焦点。自2018年3月以来，美国频频挥舞关税“大棒”，单方面挑起中美经贸摩擦。中国一方面不得不采取有力应对措施，坚决捍卫国家和人民利益，另一方面与美国开展多轮经贸磋商，努力稳定双边经贸关系和世界经济形势。

　　Recently, economic and trade dispute between China and the U.S. has become a global concern. Wielding tariffs as a “big stick”, the current U.S. administration has unilaterally provoked economic and trade frictions with China since March 2018, when it launched an investigation under Section 301 against China. China has had to take countermeasures to defend the interests of the nation and its people while at the same time, engaging in multiple rounds of economic and trade consultations with the U.S. in an effort to stabilize the bilateral commercial relationship and the world economy.

　　美国以所谓“美国吃亏论”和中国“窃取”美知识产权作为挑起贸易摩擦的借口完全站不住脚。

　　In order to justify its initiation of the trade friction, the U.S. has accused China of pursuing “trade surplus” and of “stealing” intellectual property. Such claims are totally groundless.

　　美国“吃亏”了吗?

　　The Myth of “Trade Imbalance”

　　一是美国对华贸易赤字被严重高估。美国商务部公布2018年对华货物贸易逆差为6210亿美元，但没有公布对华服务贸易顺差1500亿美元。美国还把香港、台湾来源于大陆的货物转口到美国的货物都计入中国出口的总盘子，而美国通过香港、台湾转口中国的货物却不计算在内，按照这种特殊导向的双重标准计算对华贸易额，必然造成数据失真。最近，中国商务部发布《关于美国在中美经贸合作中获益情况的研究报告》，根据中美两国商务部开展的联合研究，该报告测算出2018年美对华总体贸易实际逆差额约为1536亿美元，仅为美方公布逆差额的37%。

　　One, the U.S. deficits are overstated. The U.S. Department of Commerce announced that its trade deficit with China in 2018 was 621 billion U.S. dollars, but did not announce a trade surplus of 150 billion U.S. dollars in services. The U.S. also counted re-exported goods from Hong Kong and Taiwan originating from the mainland to the U.S. in the total profile of China’s exports, while the U.S. re-export to China through Hong Kong and Taiwan was not counted. This specially-oriented double standard will inevitably lead to data distortion. Recently, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce released the Research Report on US Gains from the China-US Trade and Economic Cooperation. With calculation based on the joint study of Chinese and U.S. commerce authorities, the Report proves that overall U.S. trade deficit to China should be around 153.6 billion dollars. That is only 37 percent of what the U.S. claims.

　　二是中美贸易不平衡的主要责任不在中方。贸易首先是市场的自发行为，中国从来没有强买强卖。逆差的产生受到两国产业竞争力、经济结构、发展阶段、国际分工和贸易政策等客观因素以及美元的国际货币地位、美国国内的低储蓄率和大量消费和美方对高科技产品的出口限制等美国自身因素影响。因此，美国贸易逆差问题的根子在美国自身。

　　Two, the main responsibility for the trade imbalance between China and the U.S. is not in the Chinese side. First and foremost, trade is a spontaneous behavior of the market, and China has never imposed business deals on others. Trade deficit results from, among other things, differences between countries in industrial competitiveness, economic structure, stage of development, international division of labor and trade policies, as well as the international currency status of the U.S. dollar, the low domestic savings rate and the mass consumption within the U.S., and the export restrictions of the U.S. side on high-tech products. Therefore, the root of the U.S. trade deficit problem is in the U.S. itself.

　　三是美国实际在中美经贸合作中受益巨大。自中美1979年建交以来，双边货物贸易额从25亿美元增长到2018年的6335亿美元，过去40年双向直接投资累计近1600亿美元。中美两国经贸领域互补性强，互为重要贸易伙伴，彼此都是受益者。事实上，中国对美货物贸易顺差54%来自在华外资企业，53%来自加工贸易。中国企业拿到的加工费是小头，美国通过设计、零件供应和营销拿到的是大头。此外，2009年至2018年，美对华出口支撑了超过110万个美国就业岗位;2017年，美对华销售收入总额约为9400亿美元;美国自中国进口低价商品帮助美国降低消费物价水平和生产成本。这些事实都表明，在中美经贸合作中，美国没有吃亏，而是尝尽了甜头。

　　Three, the U.S. has actually reaped substantial gains from the bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Since China and the U.S. established diplomatic relations in 1979, bilateral goods trade surged from 2.5 billion U.S. dollars to 633.5 billion dollars last year and two-way direct investment totaled nearly 160 billion dollars in the past four decades. China and the U.S. are each others’ important trading partners and beneficiaries of such a complementary relationship. In fact, 54 percent of China’s goods trade surplus from the U.S. was generated by foreign firms and 53 percent of the surplus came from processing trade. China only earned from limited processing charges while the U.S. took the lion’s share of profits from designing, parts supply and marketing. Moreover, the U.S. exports to China supported more than 1.1 million American jobs from 2009 to 2018. The sales revenue of U.S. firms in the Chinese market exceeded 940 billion dollars in 2017. Importing high-quality products at a low price from China helps the U.S. keep comparatively low inflation and reduce its production costs. All of these speak to the fact that the U.S. is not losing, but instead, gaining huge benefits from the Chinese market.

　　中国“窃取”知识产权?

　　Intellectual Property “Theft”?

　　中国在科技创新方面取得的成就是靠自力更生、艰苦奋斗得来的。目前，中国的主要创新指标已进入世界前列，重大科技创新成果不断涌现，引领产业向中高端迈进。2017年，全社会研发投入达1.76万亿元，规模居世界第二位;发明专利申请量达到138.2万件，连续7年居世界首位;有效发明专利保有量居世界第三。

　　China's technological innovation is based on self-reliance and hard work. Now, in terms of some key innovation indices, China is already among the world’s leading players. In 2017, total R&D investment in China reached RMB 1.76 trillion, ranking second in the world. The number of patent applications reached 1.382 million, ranking No. 1 in the world for the seventh consecutive year. China ranks third in the world in terms of valid invention patents held.

　　同时，中国高度重视知识产权保护。已建立起符合国际通行规则和适应中国国情的知识产权法律体系。在中国开展业务的外国公司所提出的担忧，许多已通过司法改革和加强执法机制得到解决。中国的知识产权保护成效获国际广泛认可。

　　Meanwhile, China is fully committed to intellectual property protection. It has established a legal system for the protection of intellectual property that is consistent with prevailing international rules and adapted to China’s domestic conditions. Many of the concerns raised by foreign firms doing business in China have already been addressed through judicial reform and a strengthened enforcement mechanism. The effective impact of China’s intellectual property protection has won broad international recognition.

　　事实上，这场中美间的摩擦已超出贸易范畴，已成为自由贸易和保护主义、多边主义和单边主义、国际规则和霸权主义的冲突。

　　In fact, this friction between China and the U.S. extends far beyond trade issues. It is confrontation between free trade and protectionism, multilateralism and unilateralism, and international rules and hegemonism.

　　目前，美国贸易霸凌行径殃及全球，损害多边贸易体制，严重干扰全球产业链和供应链，损害市场信心，给全球经济复苏带来严峻挑战，给经济全球化趋势造成重大威胁。

　　So far, the impact of the U.S. trade bullying has been felt across the world, damaging the multilateral trading system, disrupting global industrial chains and supply chains, undermining market confidence, and posing a serious challenge to global economic recovery and a major threat to the trend of economic globalization.

　　中国的立场

　　China’s Position

　　美国挑起经贸摩擦后，中国不得不采取应对措施，两国贸易、投资关系受到影响。双方从两国人民福祉需要、从各自经济发展需要出发，都认为有必要坐下来进行谈判，通过磋商解决问题。目前已举行11轮经贸磋商，两国就大部分内容达成共识。但磋商也经历了几次波折，每次波折都源于美国的违背共识、出尔反尔，并试图强迫中国在原则问题上做出让步，这是任何一个独立的主权国家都无法接受的。

　　In response to the economic and trade friction started by the U.S., China has been forced to take countermeasures, as bilateral trade and investment relations took a hit. For the well-being of the Chinese and American people and the economic development of the two countries, both sides deemed it necessary to come to the negotiating table to seek a solution through consultation. Eleven rounds of economic and trade consultations have been held, with the two sides agreeing on most parts of the deal. But the consultations have not been free of setbacks, each of them being the result of the U.S. breaching consensus and commitments and coercing China into compromising on issues of principle, which no independent sovereign country would accept.

　　中方始终坚信中美合则两利，斗则俱伤，合作是双方唯一正确的选择。对于贸易战，中国不愿打，不怕打，必要时不得不打。中方愿通过磋商方式解决问题，但在重大原则问题上中国决不让步。作为国际社会负责任的一员，中国从两国人民共同利益出发，本着相互尊重、平等互利、诚信为本的原则推动两国磋商。希望美国同中国相向而行，本着相互尊重、平等互利的精神，管控经贸分歧，加强经贸合作，共同推进以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系，增进两国和世界人民福祉。

　　China always maintains that cooperation serves the interests of the two countries, that conflict can only hurt both, and that cooperation is the only correct choice for both sides. China does not want a trade war, but it is not afraid of one and it will fight one if necessary. China welcomes efforts to continue negotiations but will not back down on major issues of principle. As a responsible member of the international community and in the interests of both peoples, China is committed to credible consultations with the U.S. based on mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit and good faith. It is hoped that the U.S. can pull in the same direction with China and manage economic and trade differences, strengthen trade and economic cooperation, and jointly advance China-U.S. relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability for the well-being of both nations and the world.

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