2019年翻译资格笔译高级考试模拟试题：爱尔兰

　　汉译英

　　爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都和最大城市 是都柏林，该国 460 万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爱 尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。 在爱尔兰独立战争和随后签署的《英爱条约》之后，爱尔兰于 1922 年脱离联合王国获得独立。独立 之初的爱尔兰只是一块(仍受英国控制的)自治领，在 1931 英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特条例》后，爱尔 兰才获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。 1937 年爱尔兰实施了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱 尔兰”。在 1949 年，《爱尔兰共和国法案 1948》获得通过，爱尔兰宣布成为一个共和国。 以人均 GDP 计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家行列。1973 年，爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经济政策， 这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧。1995 年到 2007 年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其经济 良好态势被 2008 年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同时全球经济也遭受重挫。在 2011 年和 2013 年的《联合国人类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并且该国在 国家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。 2011 年，爱尔兰人口为 4588252 人，自 2006 年来增加了 8.2%。截止 2011 年，爱尔兰的出生率为欧 盟最高(每千人每年出生 16 名婴儿)。2012 年，爱尔兰 35.1%的新生儿为未婚女性所生。在 2002 年到 2006 年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年人口增长率超过 2%，这归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移民。这个增长率在 随后的 2006 年到 2011 年这个阶段稍微下降，此阶段的人口年增长率为 1.6%。在性别平等方面，爱尔兰排名世界第五。在 2011 年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，世界最 慈善国家第二名。在 1979 年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响力的消退导致了 爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。1983 年，第八修正案承认了“未出生的婴儿的生命权”，其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生命权资格是平等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通过确保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学 习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。1937 年宪法禁止离婚的规定在 1995 年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。与欧盟平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。 爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方面的歧视 是违法的。 爱尔兰在 2002 年开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税，2004 年开始在公共场所禁烟，而这些举措在世界上 均属首创。资源循环利用在爱尔兰开展的很广泛，爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居第二。

　　参考译文

　　The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

　　Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

　　Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.

　　In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.

　　The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.

　　Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.

　　Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.

　　Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.