InDecember 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. Scientists believe thatIt was caused by a previously unknown virus- Now named COVID-19.

　　Coronaviruses have the appearance of acrown. Crown in Latin is called "corona" and that's how these virusesgot their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that causerespiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.

　　It'sknown that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animals whichtransmit COVID-19 are not known yet. And the exact dynamics of how the virus istransmitted is yet to be determined.

　　Fromwhat is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild tosevere. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortnessof breath. In more severe cases, there's been pneumonia, kidney failure anddeath. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment issupportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus.Treatment and vaccines are in development.

　　Nevertheless, we are committed to combattingthe COVID-19 epidemic. It's certainly troubling that so many people andcountries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold inso many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But it wouldbe the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. The bottom line is:we are not at the mercy of this virus.

　　The great advantage we have is that thedecisions we all make-as governments, businesses, communities, families andindividuals- can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. We need to rememberthat with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and preventinfections. Among those who are infected, most will recover.

　　It's also important to remember thatlooking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number ofcountries doesn't tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the globallevel. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailoredresponse. It's not about containment or mitigation. It's about both.

　　Allcountries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling theirepidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue findingand testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people,they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO hasconsolidated its guidance for countries in four categories: those with no case;those with sporadic cases; those with clusters; and those with communitytransmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission andprevent the spread of the virus.

　　For the first three categories, countriesmust focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases andfollowing their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing everysuspected case and tracing their contacts become more challenging. Action mustbe taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemicto manageable clusters.

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