答案部分：

　　Section 1: 英译汉

　　气候变暖，原来压在冰层下面的水自由流动，正侵蚀着北极圈附近沿岸的居民点。

　　毕考夫斯基村是一个有457 口人的村庄，地处俄罗斯东北部沿海 一个鳍形半岛的顶端。那里的海岸正在崩溃，离房屋和取暖用油的油 罐越来越近，后撤的速度是每年18英尺，即5-6米。每年夏季，冰继续融化，最后家园将会消失，整个毕考夫斯基村可能也将不复存在。

　　“几乎到处是冰——永冻土——现在却在融化。”生活在北极圈 以北的400万俄罗斯人在许多方面感受到气候变暧的影响。气候变化带来新的机遇，但同时也威胁着他们的环境，烕胁着他们家园的稳 定，对那些以冰雪荒原为其传统之根基的人来说，也威胁着他们文化的生存。

　　开发北方的步伐因北极海域的冰融化而加快。这对当地百姓来 说，既会带来好处，也会带来危险。巴伦支海和喀拉海大油田的发现 增加了人们对灾难性事故的恐惧，因为不断有满载石油或液化气的船 只穿过斯堪的纳维亚半岛沿海的渔场，驶往望眼欲穿的欧洲和北美市 场。随着发电机、大烟囱和大型运输工具不断涌现，以支持能源工业 的发展，过去人迹罕见的地方可能会遭受空气和水污染。

　　海岸的侵蚀在阿拉斯加也是一个问题，迫使美国准备将沿岸好几 处因纽特人的村庄迁往他处，估计每迁一个村子要耗资一亿美元。

　　在北极圈内，当地部落数百年来生活在严寒与冰雪之中，并形成 了自己的文化传统。现在他们感受到气候和野生动物的变化，试图适应这种状况，但不知如何是好。

　　在挪威最北边的芬马克省，北极风光在冬末展现出来，是一望无 际的冰雪高原，一片寂静，只能听到驯鹿的叫声，和偶尔传来的放牧 人摩托雪橇的嗡嗡声。

　　北极的变化在这里也能感受到，不过方式不同。“驯鹿变得不如以前自在了，” 31岁的养鹿人伊萨特•艾伊拉说。

　　在保护环境和保存地方习俗方面，没有几个国家能与挪威相比。挪威把大量的石油收入用于这一地区，使得萨米文化仿佛经历了一场 文艺复兴。

　　然而不论政府给以多大的帮助，也无法使艾伊拉相信他那与驯鹿 交织在一起的生活眼下不会发生变化。跟得克萨斯州的养牛人一样， 他对他的牲畜数量保密。不过他说秋季和春季温度升高，将表层积雪 融化，随后又冻成冰，这使他的驯鹿隔着冰层难以吃到地衣。

　　艾伊拉说：“决策人都住在南边，住在城市里。他们不注意天气 的变化。只有在大自然里讨生活的人才注意天气的变化。”他是坐在 家里的火炉边说这番话的，火炉里烧的是桦木。他的家是用驯鹿皮搭 成的，这种居所叫做“拉屋”。

　　Section 2: 汉译英

　　To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times. Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

　　Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.

　　China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.