长江流域生态环境保护 ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin

　　6月7日，国务院关于长江流域生态环境保护工作情况的报告提请十三届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议审议。

　　China has made notable progress in improving water quality, restoring aquatic biodiversity and controlling pollution in the Yangtze River basin, according to the report.

　　报告显示，长江流域在水质提升、水生物种多样性修复以及污染防控方面均取得明显成效。

　　Water quality of 96.7 percent of Yangtze River segments reached Level III standard or above in 2020, 13.3 percentage points higher than the national average and 14.9 percentage points higher than the 2015 figure. For the first time, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Level II standard or above in 2020, the report notes.

　　2020年，长江流域水质优良(Ⅲ类以上)断面比例为96.7%，高于全国平均水平13.3个百分点，较2015年提高14.9个百分点，干流首次全线达到Ⅱ类水质。

　　【知识点】

　　根据国家环保总局与国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布的《地表水环境质量标准》，依据地表水(surface water)水域环境功能和保护目标(the utilization purposes and protection objectives)，按功能高低依次划分为五类：

　　Ⅰ类(一类地表水 Class I) 主要适用于源头水(source water)、国家自然保护区(national nature reserves);

　　Ⅱ类 (二类地表水 Class II)主要适用于集中式生活饮用水地表水源地一级保护区(first-class protected areas for centralized sources of drinking water)、珍稀水生生物栖息地(protected areas for rare aquatic animals)、鱼虾类产场(spawning fields of fishes and shrimps)、仔稚幼鱼的索饵场等;

　　Ⅲ类 (三类地表水 Class III)主要适用于集中式生活饮用水地表水源地二级保护区、鱼虾类越冬场、洄游通道(migration pathways)、水产养殖区(aquatic breeding areas)等渔业水域及游泳区;

　　Ⅳ类(四类地表水 Class IV) 主要适用于一般工业用水区及人体非直接接触的娱乐用水区(water areas for industrial use and entertainment which is not directly touched by human bodies);

　　V类(五类地表水 Class V) 主要适用于农业用水区及一般景观要求水域(water bodies for agricultural and landscape use)。

　　此外，水污染治理中提到的“劣Ⅴ类”(below Class V)，是指质量低于V类的水，甚至无法用于工业和灌溉用途(unusable even for industrial or irrigation purposes)，被描述为“黑臭”水体("black and stinky" water)。

　　落实长江“十年禁渔”

　　Provinces and municipalities along the Yangtze River have effectively implemented the 10-year fishing ban, with 228,000 fishermen on 110,000 boats relinquishing their nets, says the report, adding that there have been more frequent sightings of flagship species, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, after the ban.

　　沿江省市落实长江“十年禁渔”，累计退捕渔船11万艘、渔民22.8万人。禁捕后，长江江豚等旗舰物种的出现频率增加。

　　【词汇讲解】

　　这里的relinquish表示“放弃(某种责任或权力;手中持有的东西)”，比如：relinquish one's claim to the throne(放弃王位)，relinquish control of the family business(放弃家族生意)，以及上文中的relinquish nets(放下渔网)，也就是“退捕”，不再打鱼了。

　　加强污染治理

　　Amid pollution control efforts, 558 hazardous chemical production enterprises in densely populated urban areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been relocated or transformed, accounting for 97.2 percent of the total number, says the report.

　　在污染治理方面，完成长江经济带城镇人口密集区危险化学品生产企业搬迁改造558家，完成率97.2%。

　　Measures have been taken to curb agricultural non-point source pollution, says the report, adding that efforts have been strengthened to prevent shipping pollution, promoting the use of new and clean energy by ships in ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　加强农业面源污染防治，同时，加强航运污染治理，持续推进长江经济带港口船舶使用新能源、清洁能源。

　　推动绿色发展

　　2021年是全面贯彻落实长江保护法(the Yangtze River conservation law)的第一年。要全面贯彻落实长江保护法，依法推动长江流域生态环境保护。

　　More efforts will be made in promoting green development, preventing and controlling pollution, carrying out ecological restoration, and establishing and improving relevant systems and mechanisms, the report notes.

　　要扎实推动绿色发展，深入开展污染防治，持续开展生态修复，建立健全制度机制。

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