Section1: English-ChineseTranslation (50 points)

　　Translatethe following passage into Chinese.

　　Freedby warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlementsaround the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip ofa fin-shaped peninsula on Russia’s northeast coast, the shoreline iscollapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at arate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lostas more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.

　　“It is practically all ice — permafrost — and it is thawing.” The 4million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling theeffects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities,but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and, forthose whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation oftheir culture.

　　Apush to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carriesits own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vastpetroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophicaccidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheriesoff Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Landthat was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators,smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

　　Coastalerosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare torelocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US$100 millionor more for each one.

　　Acrossthe Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries ofliving in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather andwildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

　　InFinnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds inlate winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of thereindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

　　Achanging Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. “The reindeer arebecoming unhappy,” said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

　　Fewcountries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment andpreserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on theregion, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

　　Andyet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood,intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texascattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperaturesin fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze asice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

　　“The people who are making the decisions, they are living in thesouth and they are living in towns,” said Eira, sitting beside a birch fireinside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides. “They don’t mark the change ofweather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature whomark it.”

　　Section2: Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)

　　Translatethe following passage into English.

　　中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。饮食是中国文化的一大要素。中国共有 8 大菜系，包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。

　　然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆，都出现了全 新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，包括麦当劳、肯德基和必胜客。市场调查显示，在未来几年里，西式快餐的消费在中国将以每年超过 45%的速度持续增长，而中式快餐店有望增加 15%。

　　收入的不断增长，对国际食品更多的了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品的新一代消费者。随着越来越多的家庭拥有冰箱，超市的冷冻食品不断增加，从速冻饺子到炸薯条应有尽有。绿色有机食品也出现在大城市的商店里，但价格可能比传统产品贵很多。

　　由于生活方式的变化，越来越多的中国人不愿每天都采购食品。这使包装食品更容易为大众所接受。随着有车族的增加和新城区的涌现，超市更是日益流行。

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