More than a quarter of new fathers in a new study showed significant levels of depression–what are the causes,and what can they do about it?

　　一项新研究显示，超过四分之一的新爸爸都有明显的抑郁症状——原因是什么?他们又该怎样排解抑郁呢?

　　男人也会得产后抑郁症?

　　Men don’t go through pregnancy or childbirth.Their hormone levels don’t nosedive.They don’t get sore nipples.What exactly have they got to be depressed about?Quite a lot,according to research from Sweden showing that,over the past 10 years,a significant number of men have struggled with the transition to fatherhood.

　　男人不会经历怀孕或者分娩。他们的激素水平不会急速下降。他们也不会感觉到乳头疼痛。那他们到底抑郁什么呢?瑞典的一项研究显示，在过去的十年中，相当多的男性在转向父亲这一角色中都经历了艰难的挣扎过程。

　　This latest research tries to quantify just how many men get postnatal depression.Previous studies have found between 4%and 10%of men,while,in this smallish sample of 447 Swedish fathers who volunteered(and may therefore not represent your average dad),a surprising 28%of men had symptoms that scored above mild levels of depression.Overall,4%had moderate depression.Fewer than one in five fathers who were depressed sought help,even though a third of those had thought about harming themselves.While women in the UK are often asked a series of questions that screen for postnatal depression(which affects up to 13%of women),the mental health of fathers is rarely assessed.

　　最新研究想要弄清楚到底有多少男人患有产后抑郁症。此前的研究发现，4%至10%的男性会出现抑郁症，而在这份新样本中，这项最新研究试图量化到底有多少男性患有产后抑郁症，而在447名瑞典父亲中，令人惊讶的是，28%的男性症状得分高于轻度抑郁。总的来说，4%的人患有中度抑郁症。在患有抑郁症的父亲中，尽管其中三分之一的人曾想过伤害自己，却只有不到五分之一的人寻求过帮助。英国女性经常被问及一系列产后抑郁症的问题(影响多达13%的女性)，但父亲的心理健康状况却很少得到评估。

　　The solution

　　解决办法

　　The lead author of the Swedish paper,Elisa Psouni,from the department of psychology at Lund University,says the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)used for both women and men is not so accurate in picking up depression in fathers.Her research showed higher levels of depression in dads because it added in a score more reflective of“male”symptoms of depression such as agitation,anger,irritability,working longer hours and drinking too much.

　　瑞典隆德大学心理学系的Elisa Psouni是这篇论文的主要作者，她说，用于男性和女性的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)在检测父亲的抑郁方面并不准确。她的研究显示，父亲的抑郁程度较高，因为这一结果在分数上更能反映出抑郁的“男性”症状，如焦虑、愤怒、易怒、工作时间过长和酗酒。

　　Depression in fathers may be rising not just because researchers are looking for it,but because more new dads are struggling.Psouni believes fathers increasingly face the same dilemmas that mothers do–including trying to combine parenthood with working.Fathers who got depressed often had external pressures,such as job issues,and if their partner was depressed,their own risk of depression doubled.Lack of sleep,having twins and conflict in the relationship can all contribute.

　　父亲的抑郁情绪可能正在上升，这不仅是因为研究人员正在寻找这种情绪，还因为更多的新爸爸正在努力克服这种情绪。普索尼认为，父亲们越来越多地面临与母亲们相同的困境，包括试图将为人父母与工作结合起来。患抑郁症的父亲通常有外部压力，比如工作问题，如果他们的伴侣患抑郁症，他们患抑郁症的风险就会增加一倍。睡眠不足、生双胞胎以及夫妻关系出现冲突都是造成这一现象的原因。

　　A depressed dad will play and smile less with his child.Children are deeply affected by paternal postnatal depression with studies showing poorer measures of wellbeing and more behavioural problems at the age of seven.

　　忧郁的父亲会跟孩子玩的更少，笑的更少。父亲产后抑郁症对孩子的影响非常大。研究显示，在孩子7岁时，健康指标较差，行为问题较多。

　　Fathers who sense they may be struggling and partners,relatives or friends who notice an increase in irritability and anxiety in a man in the first year of parenthood(paternal depression is more dispersed throughout the first 12 months)should consider the possibility of paternal postnatal depression.

　　那些感觉自己可能在挣扎的父亲,以及注意到男性在为人父第一年就就易怒焦虑的伴侣亲戚或朋友(父亲的抑郁情绪在头12个月里更为分散)，应该考虑到父亲产后抑郁的可能性。

　　Cognitive behavioural therapy can help,as can antidepressants.If the depression is not recognised,says Psouni,“one of most terrible things is that you catch up with yourself a year later and realise you have been really down and struggling–and the first year of your child’s life has gone.”

　　认知行为疗法和抗抑郁药都有帮助。如果人们没有意识到抑郁症，Psouni说:“最可怕的事情之一是，一年后你发现自己一直以来都很沮丧、很挣扎——而你孩子第一年的日子已经过去了。”

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