AIDS

　　艾滋病

　　What is HIV?

　　什么是艾滋病毒?

　　The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. Infection with the virus results in progressive deterioration of the immune system, leading to "immune deficiency." The immune system is considered deficient when it can no longer fulfil its role of fighting infection and disease. Infections associated with severe immunodeficiency are known as "opportunistic infections", because they take advantage of a weakened immune system.

　　人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV，也称艾滋病毒)感染免疫系统细胞，破坏或损伤其功能。病毒感染导致免疫系统发生进行性衰退，最后出现“免疫缺陷”。当免疫系统不能发挥抵抗感染和疾病的作用时，即被认为免疫缺陷。与严重免疫缺陷相关的感染称为“机会性感染”，这是因为这些感染只有在免疫系统功能低下时才可能出现。

　　单词：1. immunodeficiency /ɪˌmjuːnəʊdɪˈfɪʃnsi/

　　名词：免疫缺陷;

　　例句：More than 40 simian immunodeficiency viruses are known to infect African primates.

　　能够侵染非洲灵长类动物的免疫缺陷病毒超过了40种。

　　2. deterioration /dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn/名词：恶化;

　　例句：The recent deterioration has been caused by an apparently endless recession.

　　看似永无止境的经济衰退导致了最近的恶化。

　　3. deficient /dɪˈfɪʃnt/ 形容词：有缺陷的;

　　例句：Deaf people are sometimes treated as being mentally deficient.

　　耳聋的人有时被看作智力不健全。

　　What is AIDS?

　　什么是艾滋病?

　　Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term which applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. It is defined by the occurrence of any of more than 20 opportunistic infections or HIV-related cancers.

　　获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS，也称艾滋病)是一个术语，指艾滋病毒感染的最后阶段。出现20余种机会性感染中的任一种感染，或与艾滋病毒相关的任一种肿瘤，即可定义为艾滋病。

　　单词：1. opportunistic /ˌɒpətju:ˈnɪstɪk/形容词：有机会(感染)的;

　　例句：Preventive antiretroviral treatment ( ART) for mothers and newborns to prevent opportunistic infections;

　　对母亲和新生儿进行预防性抗逆转录病毒治疗，以防止机会性感染;

　　How is HIV transmitted?

　　艾滋病毒是如何传播的?

　　HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal), and oral sex with an infected person; transfusion of contaminated blood; and the sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, surgical equipment or other sharp instruments. It may also be transmitted between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

　　艾滋病毒可通过与感染者发生未保护的性交(阴道交或肛交)和口交;输入受艾滋病毒污染的血液;共用受艾滋病毒污染的针头、针具、手术器械或其他锐器等途径传播。还可由受艾滋病毒感染的母亲在妊娠、分娩和哺乳期间传播给婴儿。

　　Is there a cure for HIV?

　　艾滋病毒感染可以治愈吗?

　　No, there is no cure for HIV. But with good and continued adherence to ART, the progression of HIV in the body can be slowed to a near halt. Increasingly, people living with HIV can remain well and productive for extended periods of time, even in low-income countries. WHO now recommends treatment for all people living with HIV.

　　艾滋病毒感染不可治愈。但如果坚持抗逆转录病毒治疗，治疗依从性好，艾滋病毒在体内的进展可以放缓到几近停止的水平。越来越多的艾滋病毒感染者保持良好状态，保持劳动能力，延长生命时间，即使低收入国家的艾滋病毒感染者也是如此。世卫组织建议所有艾滋病毒感染者以及处于重大感染风险的人群都接受治疗。

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