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2019年翻译资格考试catti三级笔译实务试题一

来源 :中华考试网 2019-05-14

  汉译英

  远程教育

  远程教育属正规教育,它打破了传统的课堂教学模式。远程教育与传统教育相比有两大区别,即远程教育具有灵活性和开放性1,不受时空和学习进度的限制。2教师在一处授课,而学生在另一处学,打破了时空限制。有些学生由于工作、家庭或是地理条件的限制等原因无法接受传统教育,而远程教育可以为他们提供受教育的机会。3学生学习的地点可以是配有通信设备的校园、工作单位或者自己家里。授课可以实时4或非实对进行。师生交互以及学生交互可以融入到教学过程中去。远程教育可以是学历教育,学生可获得学士学位或硕士学位;远程教育也可以是非学历教育,学生可取得职业资格证书、获得在职培训乃至终身学习的机会。5远程教学可采取多种技术,而究竟采用哪些技术可根据所授科目以及学生的特点来定。

  除此之外,学生通常可以自主决定学习进度。

  正如五花八门的课程设置一样,远程教育的模式也是多种多样的。6最有效的远程教育课程充分利用传播媒介,并把它和所授科目的特点结合起来。

  一般而言,远程教育有三种基本的传输模式:电视现场直播,完整的或经过压缩的信息传输以及基于计算机的教学。当然,也可以综合应用这些模式。例如,以播放录像带为主的课程可以经由卫星或万维网7直播。8另外,师生间的互动以及学生之间的互动也是学习过程的重要组成部分。有许多支持性技术可用于促进远程学习环境下的互动。这些技术包括电子公告板9、互联网、电子邮件、传真、互联网接力聊天10、电话以及普通邮件。11

  词汇

  1.远程教育distance learning

  2.课堂教学classroom teaching

  3.时空限制barriers of time or space

  4.交互interactivity

  5.在职培训on-the-job training

  6.终身学习life-long learning

  7.电视现场直播live TV broadcast

  8.传输transmission

  9.经过压缩的compressed

  10.支持性技术supportive technology

  注释

  1.“开放性”此处指的是“可以让更多的人接受这种教育(available to more people)”,因此译为availability比较合适。

  2.汉语中所说的两大区别指的是“灵活性”和“开放性”,“不受时空和学习进度的限制”

  主要起进一步说明的作用。译此部分时无需另起一句,可考虑用regardless of这一词组连接上下文,使整句话显得主次有序。

  3.此句若译成两个独立的句子会显得较为松散,可考虑用定语从句将两句合并为一,从而使整个句子的结构更为紧凑。如: “无法接受传统教育的学生”可译为non-traditional students,后面再用定语从句说明他们之所以不能接受传统教育的原因。

  4.“实时”此处指的是教师授课与学生听课的时间是同步的,译者可用意译的方法将这个意思译出来,也可用英语中的习语in real time来表示。

  5.如果既译出“学历教育”(degree program)和“非学历教育”(non-degree program),又译出后面的详细说明,整句话就显得冗长而又重复,因为二者所指的其实是一回事。可考虑将“学历教育”和“非学历教育”省去不译。如要译出“学历教育”和“非学历教育”,则可以采用定语从句的方式将这句话整合起来:a degree/non-degree program where one can get...

  6.这句话中既有“五花八门”,又有“多种多样”,虽然两个词的意思相当接近,但由于英语在行文造句时比较忌讳使用重复的字眼,所以译者在翻译时可采用不同的英语单词来处理。如“五花八门”一词强调的是课程之间的不同,译者可将它译为varied;而“多种多样”一词强调的是“多”,译者则可译为numerous。

  7.万维网是Internet提供的一种扩充服务,是由无数的网页组合在一起的世界。通过万维网,我们可以查看Internet上的各种信息,包括文字、声音、图像、动画等。“万维网”是the World Wide Web、WWW或3W的汉语译文。

  8.汉语的语序通常根据一定的逻辑顺序按照由因到果、由手段到结果的词序来安排,而英语则通常开门见山,直奔主题,然后再作解释或补充说明。在处理这句话时,译者可适当调整原文的语序,将“以播放录像带为主的课程”这部分放至句尾,以符合英语的行文习惯。

  9.电子公告板是普通公告的电子版本,用户可以通过公告牌发布消息,任何用户都可以读取公告牌上的消息,也可以给某一特定的人或一组用户发送信息。公告牌系统被广泛地用于传播信息,咨询一个电子公告牌往往比使用交互信箱或公共邮政系统发送公告更加快捷、有效。“电子公告板”通常译为electronic bulletin board。

  10.互联网接力聊天是一种多用户聊天设施,允许多个用户通过文字实时地与其它人聊天,可译为Internet Relay Chat (IRC)。

  11.本文最后两句话中提到的“支持性技术”与“这些技术”其实是一伞意思。根据英语句子结构较为紧凑的特点,译者可考虑用定语从句或是including这样的分词短语将两句话合二为一,以达到更好的效果。

  参考译文

  Distance Learning

  Distance learning is a formal educational process that breaks the traditional mode of classroom teaching. There are two key differences between traditional education and distance learning.

  Distance learning adds flexibility and availability, regardless of time, place, or pace of learning.

  Here an instructor teaches, and somewhere else a student learns, regardless of barriers of time or place. Distance learning reaches out to non-traditional students who must fit their studies around workplace, family responsibilities, and geographical barriers, etc. Students can be at satellite campuses, at the workplace, or at home. Instruction may take place in real time or on a time- delayed basis. Interactivity between student and instructor, as well as among students themselves can be built into the program. The outcome can be a bachelor's degree or a master's degree, professional certification, on-the-job training, or life-long learning.

  A number of technologies can be employed in distance instruction, depending on what is most appropriate for the subject and the targeted group of students. In addition, students usually progress through the course at their own speed.

  Distance learning modes are as varied and numerous as the courses themselves. The most effective course in distance learning always knows how to combine the use of media with the nature of the subject being taught.

  Generally speaking, there are three basic transmission modes in distance learning: live TV broadcast, transmission of complete or compressed information as well as computer-based instruction. Of course, all these modes can also be used in combination. For instance, live broadcast via satellite or the World Wide Web can be added in courses conducted primarily with videotapes.

  In addition, instructor-student interactivity as well as student-student interactivity is also an important part of the learning process. There are a number of supportive technologies that can help promote interactivity in the distance learning environment, including electronic bulletin boards, internet, email, fax, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), telephone and snail mail.

  练习

  1.教师借助只读光盘、互联网及电视会议等计算机技术,可以及时有效地对学生进行跟踪指导。

  2.现在这么多人能上大学,许多教育家都感到学生太多,而有能力的学者又太少了。

  3.国内就业形势严峻、人民币升值压力加大、签证及奖学金环境进一步宽松,这些因素综合起来将促使更多的学生出国留学。

  4.即使在哈佛大学这样声名显赫的高等学府里,排斥知识的现象也很普遍:许多学生甚至羞于向朋友坦承他们学习了多少东西。

  5.对我们大学感兴趣的学生会接到我们的电话,我们会邀请他们来参观校园。

  6.理想大学的主要目的就是帮助学生发现自己的个性,并根据自己的个性来寻找职业。

  7.这所大学的图书馆拥有藏书约550万册。

  8.日本教育制度的长处是学生可以学到合作的技能,此外,他们学的数学和自然科学比大多数美国学生多得多。

  9.当被问及他们的孩子为什么学得好时,大多数亚洲父母都说是“用功”,而美国父母则说是“天赋”。

  10.每一种教育制度都必然是一面反映其所在社会的文化的镜子。

  答案

  1.With the help of such computer technologies as CD-ROM, the Internet and video conferences, a teacher can be very efficient in keeping track of and giving guidance to the students.

  2.With so many now able to go to college, many educators feel that there are too many students but too few competent scholars.

  3.The grim job situation at home, a strong and rising yuan and a favorable visa and scholarship environment will together prompt more students to study abroad.

  4.Even at a prestigious educational institution like Harvard, anti-intellectualism is widespread: many students are ashamed to admit, even to their friends, how much they study.

  5.Students who express an interest in our university will get our phone calls and offers of campus visits.

  6.The chief goals of the ideal college are the discovery of identity, and with it, the discovery of vocation.

  7.The university boasts of a library with a stock of 5,500,000 volumes.

  8.The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there can learn the skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that they learn much more math and natural sciences than most American students.

  9.When asked why their children do well, most Asian parents said "hard work" while American parents said "talent".

  10.Every education system is inevitably a mirror that reflects the culture of the society it is a part of.

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