2019年翻译资格考试英语笔译初级模拟题：政府干预经济

　　英译汉

　　Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, of in they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

　　Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example.in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization---with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed--was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

　　参考译文

　　世界各国政府都认为，人民的幸福主要依赖于社会的经济实力和财富。在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。这就意味着，各国政府得越来越多地干预这些部门以便提高产量并确保产品会得到最好的利用。例如，政府可以用各种方法来鼓励研究，其中包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改革教育结构，或以政府干预来减少自然资源的消费量、开发迄今未被利用的资源;或者政府可以在日益增加的与科学、经济学和工业有关的项目中直接进行协作。无论如何，所有这些政府干预主要有赖于科学方面的咨询和各种类型的科技人才。

　　大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。而同时，全世界的正常的社会变革速度与过去相比大大加快了。在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右就可能完成这个过程。由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。由于这些因素的结果，政府正越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会科学家来安排适当的规划，并付诸实施。

　　词义推敲：

　　under modern conditions 在现代条件下

　　requires 需要

　　varying measures (程度)不同的措施

　　centralized control 中央控制，中央调控

　　and hence 因而，从而

　　specialized scientists 专门科学家，专家

　　operational research experts 运营研究专家，运筹学家

　　Furthermore 再者，另外，此外，而且

　　It is obvious that (固定译法)显而易见的是

　　the strength of a country's economy 一个国家的经济实力

　　is directly bound up with 与……直接(密切)相关

　　bound 原形为bind, 绑, 镶边, 装订, 凝固, 约束

　　the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率

　　this指代前面的宾语中心词efficiency。

　　in turn 反过来

　　rests upon 有赖于，取决于

　　scientists and technologists of all kinds 各种各样的科技人员

　　owing to 因为，由于

　　remarkable development 显著发展

　　mass-communications 大众通讯，大众媒体

　　people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人

　　new wants 新的需求

　　being exposed to 接触到，感受到，我们最好不要说“被暴露于”

　　customs and ideas 习俗和思想

　　while：表转折、对比，译作“因而”。

　　be forced to 不得不

　　introduce 推出，采取，施行

　　for the reasons given above 由于上述原因，基于以上原因

　　industrialized countries (实现)工业化国家

　　the process of industrialization 工业化进程，工业化过程

　　with ...that followed 随……而来的，以及

　　that followed：修饰“changes”而不是“social patterns”。译作“随后发生的”。

　　far-reaching changes 深刻的变革，影响深远的变化

　　social patterns 社会结构

　　spread over 持续，延续

　　nearly a century 大约(将近、几乎)一个世纪

　　whereas：然而，但是。

　　a developing nation 一个发展中国家

　　undergo 经历

　　in a decade or so 在10年左右的时间

　　additional social stresses 新的/额外的社会压力

　　stress：压力

　　occur：to take place; come about 发生;使发生

　　population explosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸

　　arising from 由……引起，产生于，来自于

　　mass migration movements 大量人口流动

　　migration 流动，迁移

　　migration movements 人口流动

　　themselves：指代“mass migration movements”(人口流动本身)

　　modern means of transport 现代交通工具