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CATTI三级笔译综合词汇学习 :从外刊记词汇2

来源 :中华考试网 2020-12-30

  例句选自Economist、The New York Times等主流外刊,词汇解释及例句源于牛津词典和柯林斯词典。

  例:The larger fine levied against Johnson & Johnson was justified on the grounds that the company not only oversold the pills itself but supplied the chemicals from which oxycontin is made.

  语法剖析:

  The larger fine //levied against Johnson & Johnson(levied过去分词作定语,修饰 fine) //was justified on the grounds that//(that引导同位语从句) the company not only oversold the pills itself but(not only...but (also)用法) supplied the chemicals from which(介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,其中from是和made搭配) oxycontin is made.

  主干:The larger fine was justified...

  词汇详解:

  1. fine[faɪn]

  V.[常用被动态] ~ sb (sth) (for sth/for doing sth) to make sb pay money as an official punishment 处…以罚金

  例:She was fined for speeding.

  她因超速而被罚款。

  N.a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金;罚款

  例:a parking fine

  违规停车罚款

  Adj.①[常用于名词前] of high quality; good 高质量的;美好的

  例:a very fine performance

  十分精彩的演出

  ②(of a person 人) in good health 健康的;身体很好的

  例:I was feeling fine when I got up this morning.

  今天早上我起床时感觉很舒服。

  ③[常用于名词前] difficult to see or describe 难以看出的;很难描述的

  例:You really need a magnifying glass to appreciate all the fine detail.

  确实需要放大镜才能欣赏到一切细微之处。

  2. levy[ˈlevi]

  V.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (on sb/sth) to use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax, etc. 征收;征(税)

  例:a tax levied by the government on excess company profits

  政府对公司超额利润征收的税

  N.~ (on sth) an extra amount of money that has to be paid, especially as a tax to the government 征收额;(尤指)税款

  例:to put/impose a levy on oil imports

  对进口石油征税

  3. justify[ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ]

  ①to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable 证明…正确(或正当、有理)

  例:How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

  他们怎能证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的呢?

  ②~ sth/yourself (to sb) to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth 对…作出解释;为…辩解(或辩护)

  例:The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.

  要求首相就这一决定向议会作出解释。

  ③[动词 + 名词短语](technical 术语) to arrange lines of printed text so that one or both edges are straight 调整使全行排满;使每行排齐;使齐行

  词汇拓展:

  (1) justifiable[ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbl]

  existing or done for a good reason, and therefore acceptable 有理由的;可证明是正当的;情有可原的

  例:justifiable pride

  无可非议的自豪感

  (2) justified [ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪd]

  ①~ (in doing sth) having a good reason for doing sth (做某事)有正当理由的

  例:She felt fully justified in asking for her money back.

  她认为有充分的理由要求退款。

  ②existing or done for a good reason 事出有因;合乎情理

  例:His fears proved justified.

  他之所以害怕,证明是有原因的。

  4. liable [ˈlaɪəbl]

  ①~ (for sth) legally responsible for paying the cost of sth (法律上)负有偿付责任

  例:You will be liable for any damage caused.

  你必须对造成的任何损失负赔偿责任。

  ②~ to do sth likely to do sth 可能(做某事)

  例:We're all liable to make mistakes when we're tired.

  人在疲劳时都可能出差错。

  ③~ to sth likely to be punished by law for sth 可能受法律惩处

  例:Offenders are liable to fines of up to $500.

  违者可能被处以最多500元的罚款。

  同义辨析:

  justify, warrant 这两个动词均含"为……提供理由或根据"之意。

  justify 强调所提供的根据或理由不仅会迎合理性还满足了良心,并且含"如果不提供理由辨护就会受到非难"的意味。

  warrant 指有充分的理由或有必要做某事。

  短语积累:

  1. get sth down to a fine art

  (informal) to learn to do sth well and efficiently 把…学到家;学得非常在行

  例:I spend so much time travelling that I've got packing down to a fine art.

  我常常旅行,这就把打点行李学到家了。

  2. cut it/things fine

  (informal) to leave yourself just enough time to do sth 把时间扣得很紧;时间上不留余地

  例:If we don't leave till after lunch we'll be cutting it very fine.

  我们要是午饭以后才走,时间就紧得很了。

  3. hold/stand your ground

  to continue with your opinions or intentions when sb is opposing you and wants you to change 坚持主张;坚持意图;坚持立场;不让步

  例:Don't let him persuade you─stand your ground.

  别听他的——坚持自己的主张吧。

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