例句选自Economist、The New York Times等主流外刊，词汇解释及例句源于牛津词典和柯林斯词典。

　　例：The larger fine levied against Johnson & Johnson was justified on the grounds that the company not only oversold the pills itself but supplied the chemicals from which oxycontin is made.

　　语法剖析：

　　The larger fine //levied against Johnson & Johnson(levied过去分词作定语，修饰 fine) //was justified on the grounds that//(that引导同位语从句) the company not only oversold the pills itself but(not only...but (also)用法) supplied the chemicals from which(介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，其中from是和made搭配) oxycontin is made.

　　主干：The larger fine was justified...

　　词汇详解：

　　1. fine[faɪn]

　　V.[常用被动态] ~ sb (sth) (for sth/for doing sth) to make sb pay money as an official punishment 处…以罚金

　　例：She was fined for speeding.

　　她因超速而被罚款。

　　N.a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金;罚款

　　例：a parking fine

　　违规停车罚款

　　Adj.①[常用于名词前] of high quality; good 高质量的;美好的

　　例：a very fine performance

　　十分精彩的演出

　　②(of a person 人) in good health 健康的;身体很好的

　　例：I was feeling fine when I got up this morning.

　　今天早上我起床时感觉很舒服。

　　③[常用于名词前] difficult to see or describe 难以看出的;很难描述的

　　例：You really need a magnifying glass to appreciate all the fine detail.

　　确实需要放大镜才能欣赏到一切细微之处。

　　2. levy[ˈlevi]

　　V.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (on sb/sth) to use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax, etc. 征收;征(税)

　　例：a tax levied by the government on excess company profits

　　政府对公司超额利润征收的税

　　N.~ (on sth) an extra amount of money that has to be paid, especially as a tax to the government 征收额;(尤指)税款

　　例：to put/impose a levy on oil imports

　　对进口石油征税

　　3. justify[ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ]

　　①to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable 证明…正确(或正当、有理)

　　例：How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

　　他们怎能证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的呢?

　　②~ sth/yourself (to sb) to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth 对…作出解释;为…辩解(或辩护)

　　例：The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.

　　要求首相就这一决定向议会作出解释。

　　③[动词 + 名词短语](technical 术语) to arrange lines of printed text so that one or both edges are straight 调整使全行排满;使每行排齐;使齐行

　　词汇拓展：

　　(1) justifiable[ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbl]

　　existing or done for a good reason, and therefore acceptable 有理由的;可证明是正当的;情有可原的

　　例：justifiable pride

　　无可非议的自豪感

　　(2) justified [ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪd]

　　①~ (in doing sth) having a good reason for doing sth (做某事)有正当理由的

　　例：She felt fully justified in asking for her money back.

　　她认为有充分的理由要求退款。

　　②existing or done for a good reason 事出有因;合乎情理

　　例：His fears proved justified.

　　他之所以害怕，证明是有原因的。

　　4. liable [ˈlaɪəbl]

　　①~ (for sth) legally responsible for paying the cost of sth (法律上)负有偿付责任

　　例：You will be liable for any damage caused.

　　你必须对造成的任何损失负赔偿责任。

　　②~ to do sth likely to do sth 可能(做某事)

　　例：We're all liable to make mistakes when we're tired.

　　人在疲劳时都可能出差错。

　　③~ to sth likely to be punished by law for sth 可能受法律惩处

　　例：Offenders are liable to fines of up to $500.

　　违者可能被处以最多500元的罚款。

　　同义辨析：

　　justify, warrant 这两个动词均含"为……提供理由或根据"之意。

　　justify 强调所提供的根据或理由不仅会迎合理性还满足了良心，并且含"如果不提供理由辨护就会受到非难"的意味。

　　warrant 指有充分的理由或有必要做某事。

　　短语积累：

　　1. get sth down to a fine art

　　(informal) to learn to do sth well and efficiently 把…学到家;学得非常在行

　　例：I spend so much time travelling that I've got packing down to a fine art.

　　我常常旅行，这就把打点行李学到家了。

　　2. cut it/things fine

　　(informal) to leave yourself just enough time to do sth 把时间扣得很紧;时间上不留余地

　　例：If we don't leave till after lunch we'll be cutting it very fine.

　　我们要是午饭以后才走，时间就紧得很了。

　　3. hold/stand your ground

　　to continue with your opinions or intentions when sb is opposing you and wants you to change 坚持主张;坚持意图;坚持立场;不让步

　　例：Don't let him persuade you─stand your ground.

　　别听他的——坚持自己的主张吧。