2019年翻译资格考试初级英语笔译练习题：农业发展

　　汉译英

　　1.中国人多地少，仅有全球7%的耕地，却有全球五分之一的人口要吃饭。

　　2.现在，中国粮食、棉艳、油菜籽、烟叶、肉类、蛋类、水产品、蔬菜产量均居世界首位。

　　3.这种新品种耐寒、耐旱，适合在中国北方生长。

　　4.2004年，粮食人均占有量为362公斤，猪牛羊肉、牛奶和水产品人均占有量分别为44.6公斤、17.4公斤和37.8公斤，已超过世界平均水平。

　　5.水栽法就是在水中栽培植物，植物需要的仅仅是土壤里所含的营养和水份，而这些东西不通过土壤从含水的砾石里也可以获得。

　　6.农业生产力的迅速发展，意味着以相对低廉的价格增加食物的供应量。

　　7.土壤退化已成为全球农业面临的主要挑战之一，通常由土壤被侵蚀、化学耗竭、含水饱和度和溶质积累引起。

　　8.有报道警告，受粮食、饲料和生物燃料需求扩张、能源价格上涨、土地水资源日益紧缺、以及气候变化的影响，全球粮食供应正面临着压力。

　　9.随着农业越来越依赖于市场，当市场条件对农民有利时，新土地的开垦和新技术的应用加速了生产。

　　10.现代速冻法、罐装、存储、包装与销售方法可避免农产品变质，使消费者不仅在时令季节，而且一年四季都能享用时鲜食品。

　　11.由于加拿大政府降低了对农业的补贴，迫使农户引进经济效益更好的作物和通常收益较高的家畜。

　　12.机械化、资本额增长和合作组织成为20世纪美国农业的特点。

　　13.小麦是加拿大最重要的作物。艾伯塔、马尼托巴、萨斯喀彻温等省份草原遍布，是全世界最大的小麦种植区之一，产量超过全球的五分之一。

　　14.最近全球多种疫情肆虞(包括疯牛病、口蹄疫和禽流感)，生物恐怖主义威胁加重，迫使加强检疫和生物安全政策中采纳科学的低风险措施。

　　15.粮农组织为促进农村发展和实现粮食安全而开展工作，这是我们在联合国系统总的活动范围内，努力实现社会、经济和环境方面可持续发展的重要组成部分。农村和农业发展应当成为国家和国际发展政策不可分割的部分。

　　16.不列颠诸岛被浅海包围，渔业资源丰富。英国捕鱼业在世界上占有重要地位。

　　17.澳大利亚羊毛出口居世界第一，肉类第二，小麦第三;还是主要的蔗糖、奶制品、水果、棉花和水稻出口国。

　　18.产量增长的根本原因在于科学种田法，它包括培植强壮抗病杂交种子和使用机械进行耕作。

　　19.今天科学家更加注重环境，常常帮助小农户和在贫瘠土地上耕作的农户。

　　20.20年前，南亚面临人口增长食物短缺的危机，印度和巴基斯坦启动了“绿色革命”，引进各种高产小麦和水稻，采用新方法，增加优质化肥的使用，改进灌溉和杀虫剂。

　　参考译文

　　1.China is a country with a large population and less arable land. With only seven percent of the world's cultivated land, China has to feed one-fifth of the world's population.

　　2.Today China leads the world in the outputs of grain, cotton, rapeseed, leaf tobacco, meat, eggs, aquatic products and vegetables.

　　3.Cold and drought tolerant, the new variety is adaptable to north China.

　　4.In 2004, the amount of grain per capita was 362 kg; and that of meat (pork, beef and mutton), milk and aquatic products per capita reached 44.6kg, 17.4kg and 37.8kg respectively, exceeding the world's average level.

　　5.Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants in water. The nutrients and moisture needed by the plants can be obtained through gravel that contains water, just like through soil.

　　6.A rapid advance in agricultural productivity means increased food supplies at relatively lower prices.

　　7.Soil degradation emerges as one of the major challenges for global agriculture. It is induced via erosion, chemical depletion, water saturation, and solute accumulation.

　　8.It is warned that global food supplies are under pressure from expanding demand for food, feed, and biofuels; the rising price of energy; and increasing land and water scarcity; as well as the effects of climate change.

　　9.As agriculture became more dependent upon markets, the cultivation of new lands and application of new technology accelerated production when market conditions were favorable to farmers.

　　10.Modern methods of freezing, canning, storing, packaging and marketing farm products avoid spoilage and make it possible for consumers to enjoy perishable foods not only during the growing season but year-round.

　　11.The Canadian government has reduced its subsidies to the agricultural industry, making it necessary for farmers to introduce more profitable crops and more livestock production, which is generally more profitable.

　　12.Mechanization, increasing capitalization, and corporate organization became characteristic of American farming in the twentieth century.

　　13.Wheat is the single most important crop in Canada, and the Prairie Provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan form one of the greatest wheat-growing areas of the world, producing more than one-fifth of the world's supply.

　　14.Recent outbreaks of devastating diseases around the world (including mad cow disease, foot and mouth disease and bird flu) and concerns over bioterrorism reinforce the low-risk, science- based approach to quarantine and biosecurity policy.

　　15.FAO's work to promote rural development and achieve food security is integral to our efforts to attain sustainable development in its social, economic and environmental aspects, within the overarching framework of United Nations System activities. Rural and agricultural development should be an integral part of national and international development policies.

　　16.The British Isles are surrounded by comparatively shallow seas which are rich fishing-grounds, and the British fishing industry is one of the most important in the world.

　　17.Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool, the second largest exporter of meat, the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice.

　　18.Scientific methods of farming, including development of sturdy, disease-resistant hybrid seeds and the use of machines, are responsible for the production increase.

　　19.Scientists today are giving more attention to environmental concerns by helping small farmers and farmers working on barely productive lands.

　　20.Twenty years ago, and in the face of growing populations and food shortages in South Asia, India and Pakistan launched the " Green Revolution" by introducing highly productive varieties of wheat and rice, and employing new methods in the use of more and better chemical fertilizers, improved irrigation, and pesticides.