2017年翻译考试英语初级笔译材料（14）

　　练习

　　1.中国地处东亚，幅员辽阔，人口众多，历史悠久。

　　2.中国有文字可考的历史可以追溯到4000多年前，中国被认为同古代埃及、巴比伦和印度齐名的世界四大古代文明之一。

　　3.公元前206秦朝末年，刘邦项羽交战，即著名的楚汉之争，历时四年，最终刘邦取胜，随后建立西汉。

　　4.公元前221年，秦始皇赢政结束了长达250多年诸侯纷争的战国时期，建立了中国历史上第一个统一的、中央集权的多民族封建国家——秦。

　　5.在唐太宗李世民的英明治理下，唐朝国力和社会发展达到空前水平——经济和商业发达，社会秩序稳定，朝廷中从无贪污腐败，国家疆域甚至向各国开放。

　　6.明朝建立后，朱元璋实施了一系列政策，减轻农民负担，恢复社会生产。另一方面，朱元璋也着力惩治和防止朝中官员腐化。

　　7.造纸、印刷术、指南针、火药是中国古代科技的“四大发明”，至宋元时期相继传人世界各地，对世界文明作出了巨大贡献。

　　8.1911年孙中山领导的辛亥革命，推翻了清王朝200多年的统治，同时也结束了延续2000多年的封建君主制，这是中国近代史上最伟大的事件之一。

　　9.在俄国十月革命的影响下，1921年，毛泽东等12人在上海举行第一次全国代表大会，中国共产党诞生。

　　10.1949年10月1日，北京30万群众汇集天安门广场举行开国大典，中央人民政府主席毛泽东庄严宣告：中华人民共和国正式成立。

　　答案

　　1.China is an East Asian country with a large territory, a huge population and a long history.

　　2.With written records dating back 4,000 years, China is recognized as one of the four great ancient civilizations of the world, together with ancient Egypt, Babylon and India.

　　3.At the end of the Qin Dynasty in 206 BC, war broke out between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. It was known as the Chu-Han war, and it lasted for four years, ending with the victory of Liu Bang, who later established the Western Han Dynasty.

　　4.In 221 B. C. , Ying Zheng, ruler of the State of Qin, ended the 250-odd years of rivalry among the independent principalities during the Warring States Period, and established the first centralized, unified, multi-ethnic feudal state in Chinese history - the Qin Dynasty.

　　5.Under Emperor Taizong Li Shimin's wise governing, the national strength and social.

　　development of the Tang Dynasty reached an unparalleled prosperity - economy and commerce flourished, the social order was stable, corruption never existed in the court and the national boundaries were even open to foreign countries.

　　6.After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang implemented a series of policies to reduce the peasants' burden and to resume the production. He also focused much attention on the punishment and prevention of corruption among court officials.

　　7.During the Song-Yuan period, the "four great inventions" in science and technology by ancient Chinese - papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder - were introduced to foreign countries, making great contributions to world civilization.

　　8.The Revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen was one of the greatest events in modern Chinese history, as it overthrew the 200-odd-year-old Qing Dynasty, ending over 2,000 years of feudal monarchy.

　　9.Under the influence of Russia's October Revolution of 1917, 12 delegates, including Mao Zedong, held the First National Congress in Shanghai in 1921 to found the Communist Party of China.

　　10.On October l, 1949, a grand ceremony was witnessed by 300,000 people in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, and Mao Zedong, chairman of the Central People's Government, solemnly proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC).