2017年初级英语笔译考试讲义：被动语态翻译练习

　　一、被动语态的翻译方法

　　1. Today this treasury if silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective system.

　　现在宝贵的泥沙被水坝拦住了，却没有除盐的有效办法。

　　2. Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fully understood.

　　然而现代的人却让尼罗河发生了变化，不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化。

　　3. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication.

　　因为它非常润滑，所以可以用作润滑剂。

　　4. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.

　　植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉。

　　5. When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refinery to be treated. The commonest from of treatment is heating. When the oil is heating, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporized. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.

　　油田打出原油以后，便送到炼油厂去处理。最普通的处理就是加热。石油经过加热，最先冒出来的蒸汽冷却后就是质量最高的汽油。汽油的沸点低，倒一点在手上，很快就挥发了。随后从石油分离出来的气体可以浓缩为煤油。最后产生的是各种等级的润滑油。剩下的便是重油了，可以用作燃料。

　　二、被动语态，长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解

　　1. It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.

　　现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。

　　2. A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.

　　译文：一个对于后来成了美国的英国殖民地的历史的长久以来的观点，认为英国在1763年以前对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配，而且认为一种向着更大程度帝国制度的政策上的转变——为扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了最终导致美国革命的紧张气氛。