2017年初级英语笔译考试讲义：被动语态语法

　　1.主动语态变被动语态的方法

　　主动语态变被动语态要遵循以下的规律：“主(语)变宾(语)，宾(语)变主(语)，动词变‘be + done’，其余部分带下来。”

　　*done代表各种动词的过去分词。

　　e.g.: The student broke the window yesterday.

　　The window was broken by the student yesterday.

　　主语 动词(be done形式) 宾语 其余部分

　　I am carrying a box into the room. 我正在把一个箱子搬进房间。

　　The box is being carried by I (me) into the room. 一个箱子正在被我搬进房间。

　　(主语I变成by形式，宾语a box变成主语放在句首，动词am carrying 变成is being carried形式，而其他部分into the room带到下句,一般将by结构省略。)

　　2.几种特殊句型的被动语态

　　①含有双宾语句子的被动语态。

　　e.g.: I gave him a pen.

　　主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语

　　本句有两种变法，既可以将间接宾语变成主语(a)，有可以把直接宾语变成主语(b)。

　　a. You were given a pen. b. A pen was given to you.

　　注意将直接宾语变成主语，要用to来连接动词和间接宾语(宾格形式)，切不可省略。

　　②含有复合宾语句子的被动语态。

　　e.g.: We elected him our president.

　　主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语

　　按照变化规律本句应变化为：

　　He was elected our president by we (us).

　　但是有些情况(如下)，要用to来连接宾语补足语和动词。

　　I made the door open.

　　The door was made to open.

　　*注意：在本句中make是使役动词(包括感观动词)，它后接不加to的不定式做宾语补足语，但是变成被动语态时要将to还原，不可省略。

　　She saw me walking along the street.

　　I was seen to being walked along the street

　　③含有情态动词句子的被动语态。

　　e.g.: He need look after his mother in the hospital.

　　按照变化规律本句应变化为：

　　His mother need be looked after in the hospital.

　　含有情态动词句子变被动语态的规律是：情态动词+be+动词原形。

　　④含有动词词组句子的被动语态。

　　e.g.: He looked at the picture. 按照变化规律本句应变化为：

　　The picture was looked at by he (him).

　　注意：在过去分词looked后，切记不要忘记at这个介词，因为look at是完整的动词词组。

　　⑤含有宾语从句的被动语态。

　　e.g.: I think that she is a nurse.

　　如果按照变化规律变化本句的话，宾语是一个句子，而不是词。这时可以有以下两种变化方法：

　　a. 将宾语从句中的主语看作宾语而进行变化，即：She is thought to be a nurse by I (me).

　　b. 将宾语从句用it这个形式主语来代替而进行变化，即：It is thought that she is a nurse by I (me).

　　We said that he has been rich. 变化为：