2016年商务英语考试中级翻译习题及答案(三)

　　Nontatiff Barriers to Trade 贸易的非关税壁垒

　　The principles of the benefits of free trade are well known but are less widely accpeted in practice. Yet every nation in the world acts to impede the free flow of trade . As barriers to trade are a fact of the internationl economic environment, international manager must be knowledgeable about their causes and impacts on international operations. They must consider theses when making strategic and tactical decisions.Manager concerned about the effect of trade restrictions on their business operations can also act to change and shape their environment by lobbing government to raise or lower barriers to trade.

　　自由贸易的好处的原则是众所周知的，但较少被广泛接受的做法。然而，每一个国家在世界上的作用是阻碍贸易的自由流通。随着贸易壁垒的国际经济环境中的事实，国际经理必须了解其原因和对国际业务的影响。制定战略和战术decisions.Manager关心他们的业务经营贸易限制的影响时也可以起到改变和高球政府提高或降低贸易障碍，塑造他们的环境中，他们必须考虑的论文。

　　The economic effects of NTBs to trade are roughly similar to those of tariffs; that is, they are inefficient distortions which reduce potential gains from trade. There is a wide range of NTBs. Nations have resorted to them more frequently for protection in lieu of tariffs.for example , the average U.S.tariff rate was reduced from an alltime high of 60 percent in 1932 to 12 to 15 percent during the 20 years following World War II to about 5 percent by 1980. Nontariff barriers remained largely intact until the 1970s, when their use increased. The Tokyo Round of the GATT negotiations devoted considerable attention to reducing NTBs . The negotiations listed over 800 NTBs uesd by the ,member countries.

　　非关税壁垒的经济效应进行交易大致相似的关税，也就是说，它们是低效率的扭曲现象，这减少贸易的潜在收益。有一个广泛的非关税壁垒。国家已经代替tariffs.for例子使出他们更频繁地进行保护，平均UStariff率从60%在1932年的ALLTIME高在20年第二次世界大战后降低到12%到15%至约5%到了1980年。非关税壁垒基本保持不变，直到20世纪70年代，当它们的使用增加。东京回合关贸总协定的谈判相当注意减少非关税壁垒。在谈判中列出了800非关税壁垒的，成员国经开盖。

　　Some of the NTBs were not imposed by nations deliberately to interfere with trade. Some times they are arose out of domestic policy and economic management. Examples include tax breaks to reduce regional income disparities or regulations designed to increase local purchasing or employment. Theses then resulted in a type of indirect export subsidy. Yet other NTBs are more blatant devices which restrict imports or foster exports.

　　一些非关税壁垒并非由国家规定故意妨碍贸易。有些时候，他们都产生于国内政策和经济管理。例子包括税收减免，以减少设计，以增加本地采购或就业地区间收入差距或法规。论文则导致一种类型的间接出口补贴。不过，其他非关税壁垒是其限制进口或者出口的促进更明目张胆的设备。

　　The most frequently used NTBs are now discussed in more detail.

　　最经常使用的非关税壁垒正在更详细地讨论。