商务英语阅读习题(二)

　　Ⅰ) Comprehension

　　1. What is international trade?

　　2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business?

　　3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits?

　　4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade.

　　5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons.

　　6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms?

　　7. What limits a firm’s sales?

　　Ⅱ) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right

　　1. motivation A. to make continual efforts to gain sth.

　　2. pursue B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of careful attention. “采购，获得”

　　3. mark up C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real.

　　4. procurement D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle.

　　5. intangible E. the amount by which a price is raised.

　　6. cargo F. profit, interest.

　　7. royalty G. the net value of assets or interest, invest.

　　8. equity股本，资产净值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone.

　　9. yield 投资收益，回报 I. a share of the profits.

　　10. independent J. need or purpose.

　　1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5. C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H

　　Ⅲ) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form.

　　A. orientation B. diversify C. seek out D. differentiate…from E. take advantage of F. undergo G. bring about H. correspond I. abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach

　　1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets.

　　2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity.

　　3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives.

　　4. Can you D this kind of operating the others?

　　5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A

　　6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money.

　　7. The L of winter brings cold weather.

　　8. The manager’s words J a refusal to the proposal.

　　9. Company is always C the best way to gain more while cost less.

　　10. The city has F many changes during the last ten years.

　　11. Direct investment usually K a firm has experience in exporting or importing.

　　12. The goods don’t H to the list of these I ordered.

　　IV) Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese;

　　1. purchasing power 10.recovery

　　2. sales potentials 11. recession

　　3. mark-up 13. portfolio investment

　　4. domestic markets 12. tangible goods

　　5. finished goods 13. visible exports and imports

　　6. profit margin 14. revenue and expenditure

　　7. market share 15. excess capacity

　　8. trade discrimination

　　9. business cycles 16. licencing agreements

　　Ⅴ) Translate the following sentences into Chinese;

　　If the exporting market price exceeds the one at the importing country, a dumping margin exists on that particular sale. Then Under Article VI of GATT( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 1994, and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, WTO Members can impose anti-dumping measures, if, after investigation in accordance with the Agreement, a determination is made (a) that dumping is occurring, (b) that the domestic industry producing the like product in the importing country is suffering material injury, and (c) that there is a causal link between the two. Typically anti-dumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to bring its price closer to the “normal value” or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country.

　　Ⅵ) Translate the following sentences into English;

　　1.国际贸易有助于所有的国家促进经济的发展。

　　International trade helps all nations to boost the economic growth.

　　2.对大多数国家来说，国际贸易或对外贸易是它们国际活动中最重要的部分。

　　For most countries, international trade or foreign trade is the most important part of their international activities.

　　3.在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足

　　In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.

　　4. 国际贸易是一个国家生产的商品和劳务与另一个国家生产的商品和劳务的交换。除了有形贸易，即商品和货物的进出口以外，还有无形贸易，这是指国家之间劳务的交换。希腊和挪威等国拥有庞大的海运船队，提供运输服务，这是无形贸易的一种。无形贸易对一些国家来说，就像原材料和商品出口对其它一些国家那样重要。在这两种情况下，这些国家都能赚到钱去购买其所需要的商品。

　　International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export merchandise and the goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime/navigation fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.

　　5. 世界上没有任何一个国家能生产它所需的所有产品，所以各国参与国际分工，进行有效的生产和再生产。有时一个国家能够以易货方式从国外购买产品和服务，易货是指以一种货物交换另一种货物，而不是用钱交易。易货贸易本身并不足以满足一个国家的进口需要。但作为一种贸易方式，它对于外汇短缺、外资流入远远无法满足外贸需求的发展中国家来说具有一定的吸引力

　　There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.

　　Exercise Key

　　I) Comprehension

　　1.International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.

　　2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification，sales and supplies，minimum of the competitive risk.

　　3. To seek out foreign markets and procurement.

　　4. There are four major forms which are the following:

　　Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.

　　5. Yes, There are great differences between them.

　　1) Direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.

　　2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, usually more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.

　　6. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).

　　7. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.