专题十二 祈使句、感叹句

　　一、祈使句

　　(一)、祈使句的结构及用法

　　祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句点。

　　1. 肯定的祈使句

　　(1)动词原形+其他

　　如： Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

　　但有时会在句首加上主语或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。呼语常与句子隔开，动词仍然用原形。

　　如： Mary， clean the windows!And you boys，wash the floor!

　　(2)Be + adj.

　　如：Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!

　　(3)Let's + 动词原形

　　如：Let’s go to school together.

　　2. 否定的祈使句

　　(1) Don't + 动词原形

　　如： Don't stand up. Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire.

　　(2) Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形

　　如： Let's not say anything about it.

　　3.祈使句的反意疑问句

　　(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

　　如： Please open the door, will/ won’t you?

　　(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

　　如： Don't be late again, will you?

　　(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we，let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.

　　如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you?

　　Let's turn on the TV, shall we?

　　4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up!

　　5. 祈使句的强调形式。有时为了加强语气，可以再动词前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。

　　如：Do be careful!

　　(二)、祈使句用于两个重要句型中

　　1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。

　　2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。

　　如：Hurry up , and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train.)

　　Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train.)

　　二、感叹句

　　(一)感叹句的结构及用法

　　感叹句是抒发强烈感情的句子，如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等，书面语中句末用感叹号。常由what或者how引导,都表示“多么”。

　　1、 what引导的感叹句 what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：

　　(1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!

　　如： What a nice girl (she is)!

　　What an interesting movie(it is)!

　　(2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!

　　如：What kind women they are!

　　What nice music/bad weather/good news(it is)!

　　2、how引导的感叹句 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构有：

　　(1)How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!

　　如：How hard the workers work!

　　How clever the girl is!

　　注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。

　　如：How fast the runner runs!

　　(2)How +形容词+ a +名词+ 主语+谓语。

　　如：How clever a boy he is!

　　(二)特殊形式的感叹句

　　1、在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。

　　如：Great ! How cold ! Look out! What a fool! What a pity! My goodness!

　　2、Here/There开头的感叹句：

　　(1).Here/There+主语(代词)+谓语

　　如：Here he comes!

　　(2).Here/There+谓语+主语(名词)

　　如：Here comes the bus!

　　实战演练(2×50) 计分:

　　1. ___ food you've cooked!

　　A. How a nice　　B. What a nice　　C. What nice

　　2. ___terrible weather we are having these days!

　　A. What　 B. What a　　 C. How

　　3. --- __ ___ I had!

　　--- You really had a lot.

　　A. What a great time　　B. What great time　　 C. How great time

　　4. __________ he runs!

　　A. How fast B. What fast C. What a fast

　　5. The TV is too loud. Please________.

　　A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turning down it

　　6. _______ late again, Bill!

　　A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be

　　7. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.

　　A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't

　　8. Please help me carry it, ___ ___?

　　A. will I B. will you C. shall we

　　9. Don't make so much noise, ____ __?

　　A. will you B. won't you C. shall we

　　10. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

　　A. brings B. bring C. bringing

　　11. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

　　A. Telling B. To tell C. Tell

　　12. ---________ nice girl Alice is!

　　---Yes, she is always ready to help others.

　　A. What a B. How C. What

　　13. ________ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO!

　　A. What B. What an C. How

　　14. __________ the lights when you leave a room.

　　A. Turn off B. Turning off C. To turn off

　　15. _______ tall the girl is! She is sure to become a good basketball player.

　　A. How B. What a C. What

　　16. ---Try not to be late for school next time.

　　---Sure, I ________.

　　A. don’t B. won’t C. haven’t

　　17. ___ ____she dances!

　　A. How good B. How well C. What well

　　18. _ _ __ bright girls they are!

　　A. What B. What a C. How

　　19. __ __ hard work it is!

　　A. How B. What C. What a

　　20. Please _ ___, they’re having a meeting.

　　A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. no speaking

　　21. ___ _ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.

　　A. Not forget B. Forget not C Don’t forget

　　22. Lucy, __ __ the door or someone will come in.

　　A. close B. closes C. closing

　　23. ___________play soccer in the streets. It’s too dangerous.

　　A. Let’s B. Don’t C. Do

　　24. __ __ friendly he is!

　　A. What B. How C. What a

　　25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___ _?

　　A. won’t we B. will you C. shall we

　　26. A sign with the words“__ __” is often found in a bus.

　　A. No parking B. No smoking C. Turn Left

　　27.___ __his father works!

　　A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful

　　28. ____ __heavy snow!

　　A. What a B. What C. How

　　29. _______the mooncakes are!

　　A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious

　　30. Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock.

　　A. is sure that B. will be sure C. be sure

　　31. Let us do it at once, ________ ?

　　A. shall we B will you C do we

　　32. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.

　　A . not B. don’t C. aren’t

　　33. ______ tell a lie.

　　A. Not B. No C. Never

　　34. --You look very tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?

　　-- All right.

　　A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t

　　35. They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?

　　A. not they B. no they C. don’t they

　　36. ________ your child. We’ll look after him.

　　A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about C. No worry about

　　37. ________ talk any more! It’s time for class!

　　A. Stop B. Don’t C. No

　　38. _________ exciting news! We’ll have a long vacation after the exam.

　　A. How B. What an C. What

　　39. __________ speak loudly in the movie theater.

　　A. Can’t B. Don’t C. Not

　　40. It’s 7:30 now. Let’s ________ work.

　　A. go B. going to C. go to

　　41. ________ time flies!

　　A. What B. How C. What a

　　42. _________ a pity!

　　A. How B. What C. How a

　　43. Let’s ________ loudly in public.

　　A. don’t talk B. no talking C. not talk

　　44. ________ Mr Right is!

　　A. How kind man B. What kind man C. What a kind man

　　45. ____ from Beijing to London!

　　A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is

　　46. ____ nice picture you gave me!

　　A. How B. What C. What a

　　47. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

　　A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what

　　48. ____ ___ beautiful your new dress is!

　　A. How B. What C. What a

　　49. _ ___old bike Li Lei is riding!

　　A. What a B. What an C. How

　　50. _______I miss you!

　　A. What B. How C. How do

　　参考答案：

　　1—5 C A A A A 6---10 B C B A B 11---15 C A C A A 16---20 B B A B B

　　21---25 C A B B C 26---30 B B B A C 31---35 B B C B C 36---40 B B C B C

　　41---45 B B C C C 46---50 C A A B B