公共英语等级考试PETS语法讲义二
来源 :华课网校 2016-09-08
中代词
1.代词分类表:英语中代词有九类,用来指代名词或上、下文中的词,词组或句子。
序
号 数
人
种 称
类 单数 复数
一 二 三 一 二 三
1 人称
代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
2 物主
代词 形容
词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
3 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
4 指示代词 this that these those
5 不定代词 指代人 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone
事物 something, anything, nothing, everything
指代人或物事 one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several
some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such
6 相互代词 each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s
7 疑问代词 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
8 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
9 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2.人称代词用法表:
序号 作用 用法说明 例 句
1 作主语 用主格 Does he enjoy listening to music?
2 作表语 指主语用主格 Was it she who saw the white cat?
指宾语用宾格 I believe the writer to be him.
3 作宾语 用宾格 These books belong to them.
注意:
(1)代词并列时,排列顺序为“二,三,一”人称,如:“you,he and I”;“him and me”。
(2)人称代词常在名词后,但“you”在名词前,如:“you, Tom and I”。
(3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后,如:“he and some others”。
(4)口语中,宾格作表语,如:“It’s me.”。
3.物主代词:
分 类 句法功能 例 句
形容词性物主代词 作定语 This is my pen.
名词性物主代词 作主语、表语、宾语 This bike is hers.
注意:名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中:
She is a friend of mine.
4.反身代词:
序号 在句中充当的成分 例 句
1 宾语 位于动词后 She could dress herself when she was six.
位于介词后 Take care of yourselves.
“宾语+and”后 She invited Mike and myself to the party.
2 表 语 He doesn’t seem himself today.
3 同
位
语 主语同位语 He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.
宾语同位语 You can ask the president himself.
4 并
列
主
语 and之后 (Both)Mary and myself will go.
or之后 (Either)Mary or yourself will go.
nor之后 (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.
注意:
(1)反身代词不单独作主语。
(2)oneself也是一个反身代词,用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.
5.指示代词:“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表:
在句中的成分 例 句
1 作
名
词
用 作主语 This is Smith.
2 作宾语 I like this.
3 作表语 His idea is this.
4 作形容词用 作定语 This way,please.
6.不定代词:
序
号 分
类 功
能 用法 不定代词 例词或例句 说明
1 作
形
容
词 定语 接可数单数 every“每个的”,只作定语 every body 指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。
接可数复数 other other boys
接三类名词 no no people no=not a/any
2 作
名
词 主语、表语、宾语 代单数(人) someone,somebody
anyone,anybody
everyone,everybody
no one,nobody Someone is waiting for Jack.
Is everyone here?
Is there anybody out? someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中;
anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。
代单数(物) something,anything
nothing,everything Something is wrong with my bike. something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里;anything用于否定句或疑问句中。
代复数
(人/物) others,the others She likes to help others.
Where are the others? the others其余的人/物。
none None of us is afraid. 指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。
3 既可作名词又可作形容词 主语、定语、表语、宾语 不可数 little,a little,much There’s little time left. little“几乎没有”,表否定。
可数复数 few,a few,many,several, both Both my sisters are good. few“几乎没有”表否定;both只用于两者“两者都”。
可数单数 one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)
another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一个;neither二者之中没一个。
接/代三类名词 all,some,any,such,the other He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. some用于肯定句或表建议的句中;any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。
可数复数或不可数 lots of, a lot of, a lot He has lots of/a lot of friends.
He has a lot to say.
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