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公共英语等级考试PETS语法讲义二

来源 :华课网校 2016-09-08

  代词

  1.代词分类表:英语中代词有九类,用来指代名词或上、下文中的词,词组或句子。

  序

  号 数

  人

  种 称

  类 单数 复数

  一 二 三 一 二 三

  1 人称

  代词 主格 I you he she it we you they

  宾格 me you him her it us you them

  2 物主

  代词 形容

  词性 my your his her its our your their

  名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

  3 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

  4 指示代词 this that these those

  5 不定代词 指代人 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone

  事物 something, anything, nothing, everything

  指代人或物事 one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several

  some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such

  6 相互代词 each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s

  7 疑问代词 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)

  8 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)

  9 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as

  2.人称代词用法表:

  序号 作用 用法说明 例 句

  1 作主语 用主格 Does he enjoy listening to music?

  2 作表语 指主语用主格 Was it she who saw the white cat?

  指宾语用宾格 I believe the writer to be him.

  3 作宾语 用宾格 These books belong to them.

  注意:

  (1)代词并列时,排列顺序为“二,三,一”人称,如:“you,he and I”;“him and me”。

  (2)人称代词常在名词后,但“you”在名词前,如:“you, Tom and I”。

  (3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后,如:“he and some others”。

  (4)口语中,宾格作表语,如:“It’s me.”。

  3.物主代词:

  分 类 句法功能 例 句

  形容词性物主代词 作定语 This is my pen.

  名词性物主代词 作主语、表语、宾语 This bike is hers.

  注意:名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中:

  She is a friend of mine.

  4.反身代词:

  序号 在句中充当的成分 例 句

  1 宾语 位于动词后 She could dress herself when she was six.

  位于介词后 Take care of yourselves.

  “宾语+and”后 She invited Mike and myself to the party.

  2 表 语 He doesn’t seem himself today.

  3 同

  位

  语 主语同位语 He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.

  宾语同位语 You can ask the president himself.

  4 并

  列

  主

  语 and之后 (Both)Mary and myself will go.

  or之后 (Either)Mary or yourself will go.

  nor之后 (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.

  注意:

  (1)反身代词不单独作主语。

  (2)oneself也是一个反身代词,用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.

  5.指示代词:“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表:

  在句中的成分 例 句

  1 作

  名

  词

  用 作主语 This is Smith.

  2 作宾语 I like this.

  3 作表语 His idea is this.

  4 作形容词用 作定语 This way,please.

  6.不定代词:

  序

  号 分

  类 功

  能 用法 不定代词 例词或例句 说明

  1 作

  形

  容

  词 定语 接可数单数 every“每个的”,只作定语 every body 指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。

  接可数复数 other other boys

  接三类名词 no no people no=not a/any

  2 作

  名

  词 主语、表语、宾语 代单数(人) someone,somebody

  anyone,anybody

  everyone,everybody

  no one,nobody Someone is waiting for Jack.

  Is everyone here?

  Is there anybody out? someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中;

  anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。

  代单数(物) something,anything

  nothing,everything Something is wrong with my bike. something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里;anything用于否定句或疑问句中。

  代复数

  (人/物) others,the others She likes to help others.

  Where are the others? the others其余的人/物。

  none None of us is afraid. 指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。

  3 既可作名词又可作形容词 主语、定语、表语、宾语 不可数 little,a little,much There’s little time left. little“几乎没有”,表否定。

  可数复数 few,a few,many,several, both Both my sisters are good. few“几乎没有”表否定;both只用于两者“两者都”。

  可数单数 one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)

  another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一个;neither二者之中没一个。

  接/代三类名词 all,some,any,such,the other He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. some用于肯定句或表建议的句中;any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。

  可数复数或不可数 lots of, a lot of, a lot He has lots of/a lot of friends.

  He has a lot to say.

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