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2018年公共英语四级重点语法资料:倒装句

来源 :华课网校 2018-05-17

2018年公共英语四级重点语法资料:倒装句

  倒装句

  英语中常见的倒装句,除某些疑问句和引导词there开头的固定倒装句型外,还有下列一些情况需要用倒装语序:

  1.在以here, there或out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子里表示强调或表达生动时。

  Here comes the bus. Away went the girl.

  注意:如果主语是代词时,不用此倒装结构,例如:

  Here it comes. Away he went.

  2.only修饰状语位于句首时,后面引起部分倒装。

  Only in this way can you improve your listening.只有用这种方法你才能提高你的听力。

  Only when my home town was liberated in 1949 was I able to go to school.

  只有在1949年我家乡解放时,我才能上学。

  注意:只限于修饰状语且状语可长可短,only修饰其他成分时则不倒装。例如:

  Only he can work out such a difficult math problem.

  Only him we could find in the classroom just now.

  (only在此强调主语和宾语,后面并不引起倒装)

  3.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时,起强调作用,后面引起部分倒装。例如:

  Not until yesterday did I receive his letter. Not a single mistake did I make.

  注意:

  1)在not only…but also…结构中,仅在not only句中引起倒装,but also句中不用倒装形式。

  Not only did I pay off all my debts, but I saved some money to build a new house.

  我不仅还清了债务,还攒钱盖了一幢新房子。

  2)这些否定副词如不放在句首,句中不用倒装结构。例如:

  He seldom gets up early.(比较:Seldom does he get up early.)

  4.so, neither, not位于句首,表示后面与前面情况相同时,后面用全部倒装结构。

  My mother is a teacher. So am I. He has never been abroad, neither have I.

  注意:

  1)so用在句首强调状语时,后面用部分倒装。例如:

  So loudly did he speak that everyone in the classroom could hear him clearly.

  2)so如果在后面表示重复前面的意思时(so=yes),后面不用倒装。例如:

  It was cold yesterday. So it was. (比较:So is it today.)

  5.as引起的让步状语从句中,被强调部分置于句首。

  注意:

  名词前不用冠词,最高级前不加the

  Child as he is, he knows a lot. Youngest as she is, she studies best in our class.

  6.在虚拟语气条件从句+主句的结构中,条件从句如果省略掉,须将were, had, should等助动词和主语点到,形成部分倒装。

  Should he come this morning, tell him to come to my office.

  如果他今天早上来,告诉他到我办公室来。

  Were I you, I would not let him go. 如果我是你,我就不让他走。

  7.频率副词以及thus, so等副词位于句首时,后面用部分倒装结构。如often, always, once, a time等。

  Often do I tell him about my life here. Thus was the Emperor cheated.

  8.在how和what引起的感叹句中,以及表示祝愿的句子中,可用倒装结构。例如:

  How beautiful the garden is! May you be healthy and happy forever!

  根据以上分析,可以把倒装的部分情况总结成下表:

名称

倒装规则

例句

全部倒装

当副词in, on, out, up, down, away, here, there等位于句首时

1. There goes the bell.

2. Out rushed the girl.

3. In came a woman.

4. A way flew the bird.

但主语为代词时,则不倒装:

1. Here it is.

2. Away they went.

3. Not until I see it with my own eyes do I believe it.

部分倒装

1. only+状语谓语句首时

2. 当hardly, not, no, never, little, neither, nor, seldom位于句首作状语时

3. 当so, such位于句首时

4. 当as引导让步状语从句时

5.当not only位于句首时

1. I like music, so does she.

2. Such loud noise was there that I could hardly hear it.

3. Young as he is, he knows more than you.

4. Not only did he likes reading stories, but also he could even write some.

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