2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料：代词
来源 :华课网校 2018-07-11
中2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料：代词
代词
1.代词分类表：英语中代词有九类，用来指代名词或上、下文中的词，词组或句子。
|
序
号 |
#FormatImgID_0#数 人 种 称 类 |
单数 |
复数 | |||||||
|
一 |
二 |
三 |
一 |
二 |
三 | |||||
|
1 |
人称 代词 |
主格 |
I |
you |
he |
she |
it |
we |
you |
they |
|
宾格 |
me |
you |
him |
her |
it |
us |
you |
them | ||
|
2 |
物主 代词 |
形容 词性 |
my |
your |
his |
her |
its |
our |
your |
their |
|
名词性 |
mine |
yours |
his |
hers |
its |
ours |
yours |
theirs | ||
|
3 |
反身代词 |
myself |
yourself |
himself |
herself |
itself |
ourselves |
yourselves |
themselves | |
|
4 |
指示代词 |
this that |
these those | |||||||
|
5 |
不定代词 |
指代人 |
somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone |
| ||||||
|
事物 |
something, anything, nothing, everything |
| ||||||||
|
指代人或物事 |
one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little |
ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several | ||||||||
|
some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such | ||||||||||
|
6 |
相互代词 |
each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s | ||||||||
|
7 |
疑问代词 |
who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) | ||||||||
|
8 |
连接代词 |
who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) | ||||||||
|
9 |
关系代词 |
who, whom, whose, which, that, as | ||||||||
2.人称代词用法表：
|
序号 |
作用 |
用法说明 |
例 句 |
|
1 |
作主语 |
用主格 |
Does he enjoy listening to music? |
|
2 |
作表语 |
指主语用主格 |
Was it she who saw the white cat? |
|
指宾语用宾格 |
I believe the writer to be him. | ||
|
3 |
作宾语 |
用宾格 |
These books belong to them. |
注意：
(1)代词并列时，排列顺序为“二，三，一”人称，如：“you,he and I”;“him and me”。
(2)人称代词常在名词后，但“you”在名词前，如：“you, Tom and I”。
(3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后，如：“he and some others”。
(4)口语中，宾格作表语，如：“It’s me.”。
3.物主代词：
|
分 类 |
句法功能 |
例 句 |
|
形容词性物主代词 |
作定语 |
This is my pen. |
|
名词性物主代词 |
作主语、表语、宾语 |
This bike is hers. |
注意：名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中：
She is a friend of mine.
4.反身代词：
|
序号 |
|
在句中充当的成分 |
例 句 |
|
1 |
宾语 |
位于动词后 |
She could dress herself when she was six. |
|
位于介词后 |
Take care of yourselves. | ||
|
“宾语+and”后 |
She invited Mike and myself to the party. | ||
|
2 |
表 语 |
He doesn’t seem himself today. | |
|
3 |
同 位 语 |
主语同位语 |
He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself. |
|
宾语同位语 |
You can ask the president himself. | ||
|
4 |
并 列 主 语 |
and之后 |
(Both)Mary and myself will go. |
|
or之后 |
(Either)Mary or yourself will go. | ||
|
nor之后 |
(Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it. | ||
注意：
(1)反身代词不单独作主语。
(2)oneself也是一个反身代词，用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.
5.指示代词：“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表：
|
|
在句中的成分 |
例 句 | |
|
1 |
作 名 词 用 |
作主语 |
This is Smith. |
|
2 |
作宾语 |
I like this. | |
|
3 |
作表语 |
His idea is this. | |
|
4 |
作形容词用 |
作定语 |
This way,please. |
6.不定代词：
|
序 号 |
分 类 |
功 能 |
用法 |
不定代词 |
例词或例句 |
说明 |
|
1 |
作 形 容 词 |
定语 |
接可数单数 |
every“每个的”，只作定语 |
every body |
指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。 |
|
接可数复数 |
other |
other boys |
| |||
|
接三类名词 |
no |
no people |
no=not a/any | |||
|
2 |
作 名 词 |
主语、表语、宾语 |
代单数（人） |
someone,somebody anyone,anybody everyone,everybody no one,nobody |
Someone is waiting for Jack. Is everyone here? Is there anybody out? |
someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中； anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。 |
|
代单数（物） |
something,anything nothing,everything |
Something is wrong with my bike. |
something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑问句中。 | |||
|
代复数 （人/物） |
others，the others |
She likes to help others. Where are the others? |
the others其余的人/物。 | |||
|
|
none |
None of us is afraid. |
指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。 | |||
|
3 |
既可作名词又可作形容词 |
主语、定语、表语、宾语 |
不可数 |
little,a little,much |
There’s little time left. |
little“几乎没有”，表否定。 |
|
可数复数 |
few,a few,many,several, both |
Both my sisters are good. |
few“几乎没有”表否定；both只用于两者“两者都”。 | |||
|
可数单数 |
one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”) another,either,neither |
Each student has a pencil. |
either二者之中任一个；neither二者之中没一个。 | |||
|
接/代三类名词 |
all,some,any,such,the other |
He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. |
some用于肯定句或表建议的句中；any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。 | |||
|
可数复数或不可数 |
lots of, a lot of, a lot |
He has lots of/a lot of friends. He has a lot to say. |
|
注意：
(1)both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位语，位于助动词，系动词或情态动词后，行为动词之前。
The boys are all in the classroom.
Both(of)my brothers like sports.
(2)every other+可数名词单数：指“每隔一…”。
They go to play basketball every other day.
(3)no/any/every/some与one/body构成的复合词指人，不用于of前。
(4)all/both/every及其复合词与否定词连用时，表部分否定。相应的全否定为none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.
None of us are students.
(5)“another+数词+名词复数”表示“再来(数词)…”。
Another two coffees,please.
(6)the other+单数可数名词或不可数名词或复数可数名词表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。
The other boys are playing on the playground.
the other后不接任何词时，指“二者中的另一个。”
I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.
7.疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。
|
在句中成分 |
例句 |
|
主语 |
Who did it? |
|
宾语 |
What are you doing? |
|
定语 |
Whose bike is it? |
|
补语 |
What do you call it in Japanese? |
|
表语 |
Whose is this book? |
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