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一步步教你提高公共英语阅读能力

来源 :华课网校 2019-04-19

一步步教你提高公共英语阅读能力

  一、公共英语阅读中的被动语态

  语法在考试中只在结构和词汇部分中有7到8个题目,语法知识似乎在得分上没有多少采分点。但是语法在阅读理解中带来的问题主要体现在语序上,当一个语法点在阅读中的语序和中文中的正常语序相反的时候,文字理解的速度就会降低。

  而当一个语法现象和另一个语法现象组合使用时,语序的问题就会十分突出(尤其是当一个同学单词背得差不多的时候)。四级考试中考察的是语法组合中的意思表达和考生的语法实际应用能力,即动态语法(Grammar in action/Grammar express)。本节主要讲解一些四级考试中常见的被动语态: 被动的处理如下:

  句型1:It is estimated that/It is observed that/It is reported that时,被动可在中文中处理为“据估计”(据报道/据发现)比“被估计”要自然一些,这种句型中that后面的叙述才是信息点(尤其是在段落首句的时候)

  例:It is observed that although our knowledge greatly exceeds that of our previous ages, there is no corresponding increasing in our wisdom.

  译:据观察,虽然我们的知识远超过前一代,在智慧上却没有相应的增长。

  句型2:Something is done句型,is是虚词,只有有限的字面意思,在文字上是不翻译的,俗称被动不走“被”字。

  例:When people are mentally engaged, great chemical changes would take place in some cognitive areas.

  译:当人们用脑的时候,在某些认知区域中就会发生巨大的化学变化。

  句型3:It is done在主语模糊化。英语在被动语态上,不习惯用虚拟的动作执行人,因此中文表达时,“我们认为”,“有人说”,“据说”等在英语中就都是被动了。

  例:It is established that when people are mentally engaged, great chemical changes will take place in such cognitive areas as memory and focus ability.

  译:我们确信,当人们用脑时没,在记忆力和注意力等认知区域中就会发生巨大的化学变化。

  总结:被动不是阅读中最难的语法点,但是如果不注意被动的语言表达,头脑中反映的中文往往变得怪异,阅读速度自然就不会快。应掌握被动语态的语言表达。

  二、公共英语阅读解题技巧

  文章过渡词是篇章意义组织和传达的重要一部分。由于过渡词能够表示各种语义关系,如果考生在这方面有一定的知识,往往可以借助它们搞清文章的来龙去脉,不读具体细节,也能猜上文或者下文讲的是什么。更重要的是过渡词在文章中比较突出、醒目,在查证时容易找。在阅读中,如把它们圈出,答题就容易多了。因为绝大多数细节性的问题和它们有密切的联系。根据我们统计,问题中除了问大意、中心思想的,60%以上是问细节的,而只要问细节,90%以上牵涉到原因,特点,功能,理由,事实,优缺点等。而这些东西往往是用表示各种语义的过渡词来引出的。

  根据过渡词表示的语义和逻辑关系,我们可以分类为:

  1) 举例

  for example, for instance, as a case in point, as an illustration, such as, say, e.g。

  2) 释义

  that is, that is to say, in other words, so to speak, or rather, namely

  3) 原因

  BECause, because of, for, as, owing to, thanks to, due to, now that, since, as a result of, attribute to, in that

  4) 条件

  if, unless, whether, provided that, given, as long as, on condition that, otherwise

  5) 让步

  despite, in spite of, though, although, nevertheless, but, however, admittedly, it is true…but, after all

  6) 结果

  for this reason, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, thus, in short, in a word, to sum up, to conclude

  7)比较

  similarly, like, likewise, in the same way, much……, as much, no more……, than, just as…… so

  8)对照

  whereas, instead, however, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand, while, some……, others

  9)层进

  first, in the first place, to begin with, second, next, in addition to, besides, moreover, furthermore, third, finally

  10)强调

  indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, above all, most importantly, worst of all

  11)目的

  in order to, in an effort to, so as to, in order that, for fear that, in case, least

  12)先后

  shortly after, earlier, later, afterwards, after, before, once, meanwhile, since, until, when, while, the moment, as soon as

  13)指示

  this, that, these, this accounts for, this helps explain, that‘s why

  如何做判断是非的题目

  是非题也称之为正误判断题,因为问的是选项中对文章中的事实的转述是否真实,提法是否正确,文章或作者是否提及。例如:

  Which of the following statements is (not) true­

  Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the passage­

  Which of the following does not explain _______ ­

  All of the following are true except ________。

  可见这些问题的四个选项要么是“一正三误”,即一项是对的,是符合文章事实的,其余三项均是错的;要么是“一误三正”,即一项是错的,是不合原文事实的,其余三项均是正确的。

  解答这类问题,头脑应当清楚:问题是要求把正确的选项圈出,还是要求把错误的选项圈出。有的考生不看清问题,就去选择选项,想当然地把正确的,符合文章事实的一项圈出,而问题明明问的是Which of the following is not true (mentioned),结果误选。

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