考点一、状语从句中的省略

(1) 当主句主语与从句主语相同(或从句主语为it)，并且从句谓语中含be动词，常将从句主语和be动词省略，构成省略形式。

(2) as / than引导比较状语从句时，从句通常使用省略形式。如：He earns less than his wife (does).

When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽)

A. asking B. asked

C. having asked D. to be asked

解析：BWhen引导的状语从句，When he was asked for his views about his teaching job。

考点二、动词不定式的省略

(1)在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时将不定式符号to省略。

【考例】

The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.

A. picked up B. picks up

C. pick up D. picking up

解析： Chad是使役动词，to。

(2) 在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，可以只保留不定式符号to。

【考例】

The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _____. (2013课标1)

A. not to do B. not to

C. not do D. do not

解析：B “在路边停车”这一动作前面已经提到，：… but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.

句式would have done sth, should have done sth, ought to have done sth, needn’t have done sth, used to be...等省略形式为 would have, should have, ought to have, needn’t have, used to be。要保留不定式后的have或be。如：

—Are you a sailor?

—No, but I used to be (a sailor).

so / not

英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，I’m afraid / I hope / I think / I guess / I believe / I expect / I suppose等开头的答语中，： if so / if not

【考例1】

—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?

—_____ Wait till you are old enough, dear. (2010全国I)

A. Will you? B. Why not?

C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.

解析： D： I don’t think so. = I think not. I don’t expect so. = I expect not.

—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?

—_____.

A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess

C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not

解析：DI guess not 中的not 并不是否定动词guess的，，： (that) the boys are not doing a good job at all. ， I guess not“我不这么猜想”，“我想是的”或“我看他们干得不好”。

考点三、情景交际中的省略

在情景对话中，常常省略大家都知道的内容或不会引起歧义的部分，只保留主干部分或关键词。

【考例】

—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.

—Sure. _____. (2012四川)

A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will

解析：D。答语句意：当然，我会的。I will后面省略了come back again sometime。

倒装

考点一、完全倒装

(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副词开头的句子中(主语一般为名词，be, come, go, run等)，

【考例】

Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. (2009上海)

A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief

C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief

解析：D。句意：一听到狗叫得厉害，小偷赶紧逃走了。副词away位于句头，使用完全倒装。

(二) 地点状语位于句首时，主语为名词且谓语动词为不及物动词(如lie, stand, sit等)，常使用完全倒装句式。

【考例】

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing

B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing

D. does Chongqing lie

解析：A：At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2013辽宁)

A. they actually broke

B. do they actually break

C. did they actually break

D. they had actually broken

解析：C。at no time为否定词语，因此主句用部分倒装结构。句意：实际上他们从没有打破游戏规则。处罚他们是不公平的。

(二)“only+状语”位于句首时引起的部分倒装

【考例】

Only with the greatest of luck _____ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012上海)

A. managed she B. she managed

C. did she manage D. she did manage

解析：C。句意：她最终逃脱了上涨的洪水，只是因为运气极佳。

(三) 在so…that句型中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，则主句要使用部分倒装。

【考例】

So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.

A. did the attack B. the attack did

C. was the attack D. the attack was

解析：C。句意：这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。sudden是形容词，在句中作表语，故动词应用was。

(四) as或though引导让步状语从句置于句首时引起的部分倒装(although不能引导倒装)。其倒装句型是：表语(形容词或单个名词)/ 状语 / 谓语中的行为动词(动词原形)+as / though+主语+…。

【考例】

Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2012陕西)

A. although B. as

C. while D. however

解析：BHot as the night air was尽管夜晚的空气很热。

(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物， so 用于肯定情况，neither / nor用于否定情况。其句型是： so / neither / nor+ / 系动词 / 情态动词+

【考例】

Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____.

A. I was neither B. neither was I

C. I was either D. either was I

解析：B：

The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.

A. does he even give B. he even gives

C. will he even give D. he will even give

解析：C

This is not my story, nor _____ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

A. is there B. there is

C. is it D. it is

解析：C。句中it代指前面的This，nor在句中表示连续的否定。

(2) neither…nor…连接并列成分，且neither和nor放于句首，前后都倒装。连接并列主语时不倒装。

Neither does he work hard, nor is he interested in math.

Neither he nor I am a student.

(3) 表示对对方所说的话加以肯定或赞同时，不用倒装语序，意为“的确，真的”。如 ：

—John is very polite. 约翰很有礼貌。—So he is. 他确实如此。

(4) 当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时，常用“so + it + be + with + sb”结构。

(六) hardly…when / no sooner…than / not until等连接复合句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒装，从句不倒装; not only…but also连接并列分句时，如果not only放于句首, 前一个分句使用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。

【考例1】

Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad.

A. he had considered B. had he considered

C. he considered D. did he consider

解析：D

The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.

A. saved was teachers’ energy

B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teachers’ energy was saved

D. was saved teachers’ energy

解析：Bnot only…but also…连接并列分句，not only

【考例3】

—Did Linda see the traffic accident?

—No, no sooner _____ than it happened.

A. had she gone B. she had gone

C. has she gone D. she has gone

解析：Ano sooner…than句型，no sooner位于句首时，： Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.

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