I have nothing but a book in my hand. I'm the last but one to get here.

　　12.by(经过) She passed by me without saying goodbye to me.

　　The woman is standing by the door. By the time we got to the station， the train had left.

　　By the end of the year， we have trained 400 people.

　　I came here by taxi. (by bus， by plane， by ship， on foot )

　　The girl isn't an actress by profession. (actor 男演员) What's the time by your watch?

　　Consumer goods production will go up by 6 % this year.

　　I met him by chance yesterday. (by chance 偶尔碰到)

　　We all have to abide by the rules. (abide by 遵守)

　　In order to pass the exam， we have to learn the texts by heart.

　　At the age of ten she began to live by herself.(by oneself 独自)

　　13. except (除去) None of us have seen the film except my sister.

　　He comes to school every day except Saturday.

　　She is alone in the world except for her mother.

　　14. for(为了)

　　Thank you for spending so much time listening to me explain.

　　Thank you for spending so much time listening to my explanation.

　　Forgive me for being late. (表原因) I'm sorry for what has happened.

　　The coat is for sale. (for sale 出售)

　　Whenever she is in trouble， she'll turn to her parents for help.

　　(be in trouble 处在困难之中 turn to 向某人求助)

　　We left Beijing for Shanghai last week. (leave…for… 动身去)

　　I sold the flat for 100，000 yuan. (flat， apartment 公寓，house 别墅，)

　　How much do you pay for the coat? (pay for 付款)

　　I do this all for your good. (for one's good 为了某人好)

　　They do this for the sake of their mother. (for the sake of 因为)

　　15. from(来自……) We've learnt a lot from our teacher.

　　They are busy from morning to night.(from……to…… 从……到……)

　　The letter is from your parents. I have been away from home for a long time.

　　(be away from home 离开家)

　　The film we saw yesterday was different from the novel.

　　(be different from 与……不同，differ from)

　　The wine is made from the best grapes.

　　make from 化学变化 make of 物理变化 The desk is made of wood.

　　make sth. up 由……组成

　　Animal bodies are made up of cells.

　　Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.

　　make with sth. 迅速拿出或提供某物 Make with the beers， buster. 伙计，拿啤酒来。

　　make for 为……做…… She made coffee for all of us.

　　Millions of people are suffering from the war.(suffer from 遭受)

　　He is weak from lack of sleep. (lack of 缺乏)

　　I try to prevent them from doing the work， but in vain.

　　(prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事) (in vain 毫无作用，徒劳)

　　The situation is getting from bad to worse. The guest is talking from beginning to the end.

　　16. in(在……里) We'll be back in three days.

　　( He came back three days ago.)

　　Do you work in the daytime or at night?

　　We'll be back in no time. (in no time 立刻，马上)

　　He is always in a good mood. (in a good mood 情绪很好 in a bad mood 情绪很糟)

　　I have no difficulty/ trouble in solving the problem. (no difficulty in doing sth. 没有困难)

　　Did you have any difficulty in finding the hotel?

　　They have done it in a wrong way. (in a wrong way 错误的方式)

　　They accepted the plan in principle. (in principle 原则上)