2018年成人学位英语考试模拟试题及答案（13）

　　Passage 1

　　The reflective towers of New York City, which is on the Atlantic migrating(迁徙的)route , can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass,” said Ms.Laurel, an architect。(76)“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights, and the larger the glass, the more dangerous it is。” About 90,000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often, they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat(栖息地)loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year。

　　(77)As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade, so, too, have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council, a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings, will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process。

　　There are no easy fixes, however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet(紫外线的)signals, but they are still in their infancy. Covers, dot patterns, shades and net are the main options available。

　　Often, only one section of a building needs to be changed. “You don’t necessarily have to treat every window,” Ms.Laurel said. “It would be too expensive to do the whole building。” The Jacob Convention Center, which has been undergoing alterations, is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes. The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns。

　　1. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. New York is a city of glass towers。

　　B. Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds。

　　C. New York adopted new safety standards for buildings。

　　D. Glass towers are a new trend in the United States。

　　【答案】B。答案：此题目属于主旨大意题。此类题目我们建议您暂时搁置在这里，根据我们的切题解题法的原则，出题人一定会在下面的题目中，给我们提供大量的关于文章主旨的信息。

　　全文主要说由于建筑的反光玻璃导致了鸟类大量死亡， 以及为了减少鸟类因撞击而死亡，美国一些地区采取的措施。因此选B。

　　2. What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds?

　　A. Climate change B. Habitat loss

　　C. Lack of food D. Crashing into buildings。

　　【答案】B。答案：题干大意：引起迁徙鸟类死亡的第一原因是什么。

　　如果阁下没有足够的常识储备，请您带着题干关键词：death for migrating birds，一目一行定位答案范围在：第一段第三句话。定位句是：Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat loss, with…，可判断撞击是既栖息地减少后的第二个主要原因。此处请您理解关键词after的含义：crashes是在habitat loss之后，反过来也就是说，habitat loss是第一位的原因。故选B

　　3. What does the word “fixes” in the third paragraph probably mean?

　　A. Choices B. Explanations C. Solutions D. Developments

　　【答案】C。答案：千万千万注意，答案信息就应该在这个词语的附近，此题目只要我们把句子翻译一下，相信您也不会犯错误。前面第二小题讲述鸟类大量死亡，这里应该讲述的是解决办法了。There was no easy fixes… 表示解决起来不容易，即没有容易的解决办法。答案是C。

　　4. _____are used in the alteration of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center。

　　A. Dot patterns B. Shades C. Nets D. Covers

　　【答案】A。答案：带着题干关键词：Jacob K. Javits，一目一行定位答案范围在：全文最后一句The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns. 故选A。

　　5. Which of the fowling statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. In many cases, the whole building needs to be altered to prevent bird crashes。

　　B. The Jacob K.Javits Convention Center is the first building to deal with the problem of bird crashes。

　　C. About 90,000 birds are killed due to habitat loss in New York City each year。

　　D. Unfortunately, glass designs that use ultraviolet signals are still in their early stages。

　　【答案】D。答案：此类题目我们最好是带着选项内容，和利用前面题目的信息，一目一行到原文中判断：A选项信息在最后一自然段第一句话：原文中提及，只是改变建筑物的一部分，当然排除;B选项：定位文中第三段。最后一段第三句话，排除;C选项：第一段最后一句话，是十亿只，而非90000只，排除;D选项：第三段…that use ultraviolet signals, but they are still in their infancy。表示使用紫外线信号还在初步使用阶段，即D项，原文中的in their infancy 即是选项中in their earlystage的同义转述。

　　反过头去完成第一小题：其余四个小题给我们的综合信息是：第二小题是鸟类死亡原因;第三小题是：解决办法;第四小题仍然是解决办法;第五小题仍然是解决办法。那么全文大意我们应该就明明白白清清楚楚了：提出鸟类迁徙途中的大量死亡的原因，解决办法。只有B选项提及了关键词：birds和玻璃。答案是B。

　　全文翻译

　　纽约市的反射建筑对大西洋迁徙过程中的鸟类造成了致命的伤害。“我们住在一个玻璃的时代，”约有9万只鸟因撞到了城市的建筑上而丧命。它们通常在附近的公园觅食之后，撞到了玻璃建筑的低层上。这种撞击是继栖息地减少之后，对迁徙鸟类造成致命的第二个主要因素，死亡数量估计一年攀升到10亿。

　　近几十年里，随着玻璃设置的办公室和公寓数量的增加，也就要我们号召建造一些对鸟类没有那么大杀伤力的建筑。圣弗朗西斯科在七月份采取了鸟类安全标准建造房屋。美国绿色建筑协会，一个非盈利性的工业组织开始鼓励建造一些注重环境型的建筑，并于今年秋天引进鸟类安全标准，作为环境认证过程的一部分。

　　但是，解决方案并不容易。少数研究者用紫外线信号研发玻璃设计，但是研究仍在初始阶段。覆盖式、点式、阴影式和网状式的设计是几个主要的合适的选择方案。

　　通常，只有建筑的一部分需要改造。“不用改造每一扇窗户。”劳拉说。“如果改造整栋大楼费用太大了。”Jacob K. Javits会展中心正在实施改造方案，近期的大多数建筑主要是针对减少鸟类撞击问题而设计的。建筑少用反射玻璃，而采用点式型。

　　Passage 2

　　Today’s students have grown up hearing more about Bill Gates than F.D.R., and they live in a world where amazing innovations(革新)are common. The current 18-year-olds, after all, were 8 when Google was founded by two students at Stanford; Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was Harvard and they were entering high school. Having grown up digital(数字的)，they are impatient to get on with life。

　　The easiest way to find kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship(企业家才能)education, in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them。

　　A report published last year by the Kauffman Foundation, which finances programs to promote innovation on campuses, noted that more than 50,000 entrepreneurship programs are offered on two-and four-year campuses—up from just 250 courses in 1985. Lesa Mitchell , a Kauffman vice president, says that the foundation is extending the reach of its academic influence, which used to be found only in business schools.

　　Now, the concept of entrepreneurship is blooming in engineering programs and medical school, and even in the liberal arts. “Our interest is the programs,” she says. “We need to spread out from the business school。” Either as class projects or on their own, students in a variety of majors are coming up with ideas, writing business plans and seeing them through to prototype and, often, market. In their spare time, students in agricultural economics at Purdue invent new uses for bean; industrial design majors at Syracuse, in special laboratory, create wearable technologies。

　　(78)The entrepreneurship movement has its critics, especially among those who see college as a time for extensive academic exploration. “I just don’t think that entrepreneurship ranks so high in terms of national need,” says Daniel S.Greenberg, author of Science for sale: The perils, Rewards and Delusions of Campus Capitalism。

　　Leonard A.Schlesinger, Babson College’s president, says that the question of whether innovation can really be taught is “an age-old argument”

　　6. When Google and Facebook were established, the founders were still_____。

　　A. in high school B. in the army C. in primary school D. at college

　　【答案】D。答案：带着题干关键词：Google and Facebook were established,一目一行定位答案范围在：第一段第二句话。the 18-year-olds, …two students at Stanford; …at Harvard…, 即斯坦福和哈佛两所大学，故选D。

　　7. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of entrepreneurship education?

　　A. To prepare students for future academic life

　　B. To prepare students to find opportunities and seize them。

　　C. To prepare students for overseas career。

　　D. To prepare student to develop interpersonal skills。

　　【答案】B。答案：entrepreneurship education(企业家才能)认识吗?A选项与题干关键词(企业家才能)格格不入，至少关系不大，排除;C选项：为学生的海外事业作准备，那么我们反向思维，国内事业就不需要这种教育了?排除：D选项：人际交往能力。既然如此，也不一定就需要entrepreneurship education，其它的形式也许更适合，排除。答案是B：找到机会并且抓住它们。

　　认证答案：带着题干关键词：entrepreneurship education一目一行定位答案范围在：第二段，…in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them.当然B选项是正确答案。

　　8. The word “prototype” in the fourth paragraph is most likely to mean_____。

　　A. model B. strategy C. method D. stage

　　【答案】A。答案：Prototype 意为典型，模式，意为：在市场模式下，审查经济计划。故选A。

　　9. What does Daniel S. Grennberg think of entrepreneurship education?

　　A. Entrepreneurship, or at least certain elements of it, can be taught。

　　B. An entrepreneurship program can help students find what they really like and entrepreneurship isn’t all about business。

　　C. Entrepreneurship should be spread across different fields。

　　D. Colleges shouldn’t put too much emphasis on entrepreneurship programs。

　　【答案】D。答案：此题目充分利用常识储备和前面题目的信息：假如我们的大学都朝商业化发展，那么国将不国，大学将不大学了，因为大学应该永远是育人为先，育人岂能是简简单单的“entrepreneurship education”能够代替的?简直是胡诌。任何有常识之人，都应该同意我的观点。A与B与C选项，均与常识相违背，排除。

　　认证答案：带着题干关键词：Daniel S. Grennberg一目一行定位答案范围在：倒数第二段。定位句：…I just don’t think that entrepreneurship ranks so high in terms of national need,… 表示Greenberg 认为，根据国家需要，企业家才能没有占太高的地位。所以同义转化为D，没有太高地位，因此学校也不必太重视它。

　　10. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Entrepreneurship courses in business schools。

　　B. Qualities of an entrepreneur。

　　C. Entrepreneurship education in colleges。

　　D. Kids in the information age。

　　【答案】C。答案：充分利用前面题目的信息：首先排除B与D选项，因为前面题目信息的关键词(高频词)是：大学、企业家才能。与之匹配的选项只有C选项。答案是C。

　　认证答案：全文开篇描写一些人学生时代的创造力和发明，进而引出企业家才能教育这一概念，然后描述企业家才能被应用到什么领域，以及关于企业家才能教育的一些负面评价。故选C，全文讲述了学校的企业家才能教育。

　　全文翻译

　　当今的学生比起罗斯福大多是听着比尔盖茨的事迹长大的，同时，他们生活在一个革新很普遍的世界中。毕竟，目前18岁这一代人在8岁的时候，斯坦福大学的两个学生创建了Google;马克·扎克伯格在2004年创建了Facebook，那时他还在哈佛上学，那些孩子们正要上高中。他们是伴着数字长大的，所以渴望去享受生活。

　　要发掘像这样的潜质儿童，最简单的方法就是检查一下企业家才能教育，那里的大学和学院试着让孩子认清机会、把握机会。

　　去年，考夫曼基金会发表了一则报告，在校园里实行推进创新的财政计划，报告显示，在2年到4年间提供超过5 000个企业家才能培训计划——比起1985年仅有的250个课程有所增加。考夫曼基金会副会长Lesa Mitchell说基金会扩大了它的学术影响力，而这曾经仅在经济类院校使用。现在，企业家才能这个概念在工程计划、医学类院校及艺术领域兴起。“我们感兴趣的是让这个概念在所有领域中使用，”她说，“我们需要把这个概念从经济类院校中传播出去。”

　　不管是课程还是他们自身，各专业的学生都应具备这样的思想，写一些商业计划，进而通过一种模式(通常是市场模式下)来审视这些计划。闲暇时，普度大学的农业经济类学生发明了豆子的新用法;希拉丘兹工业设计专业的学生在专门实验室创造了耐用技术。

　　企业家才能运动受到一些人的批判，特别是那些把大学时代视为一个广泛学术研发的时期。“根据国家需求，我认为企业家才能没有占有很高地位，”Daniel S. Greenberg说，销售科学：校园资本主义的风险、回报和妄想一书的作者。

　　巴布森大学校长Leonard A. Schlesinger说创新能否被教出来这一问题是一个长期备受争议的话题。