Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　9

　　A.Ask questions frequently.

　　B.Speak very loudly.

　　C.Limit the speech to 15 minutes.

　　D.Vary tone, volume, and speed of speech.

　　10

　　A.Depend on microphones.

　　B.Avoid shouting.

　　C.Choose small rooms.

　　D.Keep volume stable.

　　11

　　A.Make a pause.

　　B.Lower register.

　　C.Vary pitch.

　　D.Slower pace.

　　12

　　A.To practice speaking slowly.

　　B.To learn to adjust their tones.

　　C.To evaluate their own voices.

　　D.To record their voices for the speaker to evaluate.

　　Passage One

　　(9) There are three main elements that combine tocreate either a positive or negative experience forlisteners. They can result in a voice that is pleasingto listen to and can be used effectively. Or they cancreate a voice that doesn't hold attention, or evenworse, causes an adverse reaction. The three elements are volume, pitch, and pace. Whenevaluating volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the roomand the audience. Of course, with an amplifying device like a microphone, the speaker can usea natural tone. (10) But speakers should not be dependent on microphones; a good speakercan speak loudly without shouting. The second element, pitch, is related to the highness orlowness of the sounds. High pitches are, for most people, more difficult to listen to, so ingeneral speakers should use the lower registers of their voice. During a presentation, it'simportant to vary pitch to some extent in order to maintain interest. The third element, pace,that is how fast or slow words and sounds are articulated, should also be varied. A slower pacecan be used to emphasize important points. Note that the time spent not speaking can bemeaningful, too. (11) Pauses ought to be used to signal transitions or create anticipation.Because a pause gives the listeners time to think about what was just said or even to predictwhat might come next, it can be very effective when moving from one topic to another. I'd likeyou to watch and listen to a video tape and use the forms I gave you to rate the speakingvoices you hear. (12) Then tonight I want you to go home and read a passage into a tape-recorder and evaluate your own voice.

　　9. What are the three elements that work together to create experience for listeners?

　　10. What is recommended by the speaker in terms of volume?

　　11. What should a speaker do to indicate that the topic is about to change?

　　12. Why did the speaker ask the listeners to read a passage into a tape-recorder?