2016年6月英语四级全真模拟题(6)

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　Ascientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.

　　If an economist as asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer:those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increase may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked.

　　The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conductive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.

　　21.If a scientist wants to study consumer behavior, what must he do

　　A) He must predict the way in which consumers will spend their money.

　　B) He must do scientific research.

　　C) He must know background of customers.

　　D) He must do research and learn the resources and motives of customers.

　　22.Which of the following groups borrow money most according to traditional assumption

　　A) People with rising incomes.

　　B) People with stable incomes.

　　C) People with declining incomes.

　　D) None of the above.

　　23.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage

　　A) Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable.

　　B) The condition that most helps to produce spending appears to be price rising.

　　C) Maintaining stable prices is a common business policy.

　　D) The results of the investigation in America were not the same as those in Great Britain.

　　24.The research survey in America have showed that when the prices rise, ____.

　　A) people will hasten to buy

　　B) people will stop buying

　　C) people will postpone their purchase

　　D) people will buy more than they can use

　　25.The saving and spending patterns in America are ____ those at the same time in Britain.

　　A) different from B) much better than C) the same asD) much worse than

　　Questions 26 to 30 are　based on the following passage.

　　In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising　five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On　the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to,　making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The breakup of the family occurs when the parents divorce. A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent’s own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.

　　26.In the past, American families tended to be ____.

　　A) quite small B) medium sized C) quite large D) small

　　27. To parents who take the responsibility for children’s　expenses, the cost of living increases because ____.

　　A) children attend school for more years B) children are better dressed

　　C) children spend more money on entertainment D) all of the above

　　28.What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents

　　A) Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn’t pay much attention to children.

　　B) Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.

　　C) Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself/herself.

　　D) Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little　time for his/her own interests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.

　　29.According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may ____.

　　A) become worse C) get better

　　B) remain the same D) keep unchanged

　　30.The title of the article might be ____.

　　A) American Children C) American Mother

　　B) American Families D) American Parents

　　Questions 31 to 35 are

　　based on the following passage:

　　Albert Schweitzer was born in 1875 in Alsace. At that time, it was a part of　Germany. His generous spirit was first awakened through his training as a Lutheran minister. Besides gaining a reputation as a preacher, he also became respected for his ability to play the organ. He was a man of many talents. His concern for other people turned his attention to medicine. He had also acquired doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. His wife took an interest in medicine too and became a nurse. Many people thought that he should remain and lecture　in Europe to have a strong impact on Western civilization. Though he listened to their suggestions, he ultimately decided to follow his own conscience. This led him to Africa. Albert had felt that all men should accept the responsibility of helping others. He felt particularly concerned for black Africans who had been exploited by white men. He earned the money he needed by performing on the organ and by lecturing. With this money he bought equipment and opened a hospital in Africa. He was a man of great strength who faced great problems with courage. The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all. He believed that man could overcome these obstacles if he had a sense of idealism. He died in 1965.

　　31.Albert Schweitzer was ____.

　　A) a pianist C) a humanitarian

　　B) an African D) a nurse

　　32.He had talents for ____.

　　A) training his wife to be a nurse, giving concert and lecturing

　　B) giving medical care, lecturing, playing the organ

　　C) taking care of sick people, fighting as a soldier, lecturing

　　D) giving concert, making equipment, helping others

　　33.In spite of people’s suggestions, Albert decided to go to Africa ____.

　　A) because he was born there

　　B) because he wanted to help others particularly black Africans who had been exploited by white men

　　C) because he wanted to give a concert to African people

　　D) because he wanted to make money there

　　34.Why did the author think he was a man of great strength

　　A) He always faced great problems with courage.

　　B) The threat of war and the reality of imprisonment during World War didn’t discourage him.

　　C) The unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.

　　D) All of the above.

　　35.Albert Schweitzer lived to be ____.

　　A) 70 years old C) 90 years old

　　B) 80 years old D) 100 years old

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

　　Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people aresimilar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are atleast customary and undisputed.

　　Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently　and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the nonmaterial, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements　rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

　　Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it　comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies ( 一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,　because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

　　36.What kind of society tends to promote social changes

　　A) A society where people are similar in many ways.

　　B) A society where there are only white people.

　　C) A society where there are only black people.

　　D) A society where there is a mixture of different kinds of people.

　　37.In a mixed society, there may be disagreement in ____.

　　A) ideas C) beliefs

　　B) interests D) all of the above

　　38.Which of the following is not true, according to the passage

　　A) Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.

　　B) Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were old.

　　C) Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to promote social change.

　　D) Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.

　　39.Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ____.

　　A) people there are easy to please

　　B) people there are less argumentary

　　C) people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change

　　D) people there have same needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty

　　40.The passage is mainly discussing ____.

　　A) two different societies

　　B) certain factors that determine the case with which social change oc curs

　　C) the necessity of social change

　　D) the significance of social change

　　Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　41.The Johnsons ____ the house before they decided to buy it.

　　A) looked out C) looked after

　　B) looked over D) looked on

　　42. ____ bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them to the　requisite hardness in a kiln.

　　A) Made C) Being made

　　B) To make D) The making of

　　43.I’m sorry my mother didn’t want to go to the department store with me. ____ willing to go, I would have bought her a sweater.

　　A) Was she C) Had she been

　　B) Being D) She has been

　　44. It was during the 1920’s ____ the friendship between Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.

　　A) when C) before

　　B) that D) after

　　45.____ dwell on her past.

　　A) Little need she C) Little she needed

　　B) Little did she need D) Little she did need

　　46.Mr Brown is a ____ old man and all his neighbours are ____ to him.

　　A) respectful…respectable C) respectable…respectful

　　B) respectable…respective D) respective…respectable

　　47.At the moment each of the girls was too busy thinking about ____own personal safety to care much about the luggage.

　　A) their C) her

　　B) our D) your

　　48. ____ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.

　　A) Walking C) If walking

　　B) When one is walking D) When walking

　　49.The ice melted ____ at this temperature.

　　A) very fastly C) fastly

　　B) most fastly D) fast

　　50.I remember ____ for the job, but I forget the exact amount.

　　A) to be paid C) to get paid

　　B) being paid D) being received pay

　　51.David’s mother seldom does her homework on Sunday.____.

　　A) So does my mother. C) My mother isn’t, either.

　　B) Nor does my mother. D) My mother doesn’t,too.

　　52. ____ he found goodness, he praised it.

　　A) However C) Because

　　B) As D) Wherever

　　53.He wondered ____.

　　A) what would his wife’s reaction be B) how would be his wife’s reaction

　　C) what will be his wife’s reaction D) what his wife’s reaction would be

　　54.Children never want to go to bed at the proper time. They always want to ____ late.

　　A) take up C) stay up

　　B) stand up D) set up

　　55.John read the letter ____ he went along.

　　A) when C) at

　　B) as D) for

　　56.He has to make a living by himself because he doesn’t have parents to ____.

　　A) keep on C) rely on

　　B) depend with D) go to

　　57.Let’s go to the movie tonight, ____

　　A) are we C) let us

　　B) shall we D) do we

　　58.He never goes to the party because he always feels ill ____ there.

　　A) at the ease C) at an ease

　　B) at his ease D) at ease

　　59.This dress used to be very popular, but now it is out of ____.

　　A) question C) date

　　B) order D) place

　　60. ____ a fine day, I decided to go for an outing.

　　A) Being C) It being

　　B) Having been D) How

　　61.Since you are feeling uncomfortable, you ____.

　　A) had better going to see a doctor

　　B) must go to see a doctor

　　C) would rather go to see a doctor

　　D) might as well go to see a doctor

　　62.I desired nothing but ____ home.

　　A) go C) going

　　B) to go D) went

　　63.I don’t want to ____ you in if you are what you say.

　　A) run C) make

　　B) catch D) take

　　64.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this ____ creates further problems.

　　A) after all C) in case

　　B) in turn D) in time

　　65.It is said that those old houses are being pulled down to ____new office blocks.

　　A) provide for C) make room for

　　B) supply D) improve

　　66.This singer is always very ____ to the reaction of the audience when she gives a performance.

　　A) sentimental C) positive

　　B) sensible D) sensitive

　　67.He was unable to ____ to the group what he meant.

　　A) get in C) get along

　　B) get across D) get off

　　68.It was a horrible ride through pouring rain. ____, he had a puncture and for the last hour had to push the bicycle.

　　A) To make matters worse C) Even though

　　B) Actually D) As a matter of fact

　　69.With the winter here you can ____ these skirts till you need them　again next summer.

　　A) do away with C) get rid of

　　B) put away D) give away

　　70. ____ I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.

　　A) While C) When

　　B) If D) Because

　　Part Ⅳ

　　71.【参考译文】 一个科学家如果要研究经济心理学,要预测消费者花钱的方式, 必须研究消费者的行为表现。

　　【翻译技巧】 此题需用溶合法(即把原句中的主语与定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句 子的方法)和前置法(即把从句译成带有“的”字的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复 合句译成汉语单句的方法)，此外还要注意兼有状语职能的定语从句的翻译方法。 【翻译点评】 本句结构比较复杂，主句的主语A scientist(①)带有两个并列的定语从句who does research in economic psychology(②)和who wants to…their money(③)，而后一个定语从句的宾语the way又带有自己的定语从句in which consumers…their money(④)，主句的谓语是must study(⑤)，宾语是consumer behaviour(⑥)。弄清本句结构后，不难发现两个并列的定语从句之间在逻辑上有条件关系，所以可以加上“如果”;另外，主语A scientist与定语从句溶合在一起来译，更符合汉语习惯，否则，译成“想要研究……而且要预测……的一个科学家”就太瞥脚了。

　　72.【参考译文】 人们同时在英国进行了调查,结果表明其储蓄和消费模 式与传统的假定一致。

　　【翻译技巧】 长句短译法、增词法、词类转换法。

　　【翻译点评】 翻译时,有时会碰到一个较长的句子,通常是并列或复合句,而从汉语的表达 方式来看,往往句子比较短。因此对较长的句子,有时可以把从句,短语分开翻译,可适当地增 加一些词,译成相对独立的短句, 也就是所谓的长句短译。

　　73.【参考译文】 这些单亲父母必须关心孩子们的情感和心理的需求,同 时还得从经济上资助他们。

　　【翻译技巧】 分句法(把分词短语译成句子)。

　　【翻译点评】 while可以表明“当……之时”，“而且”的意思,在此句中它表示两个同 时发生的动作,因此可将后面的分词短语译成与前面部分相并列的句子。 74.【参考译文】 战争的威胁,作为德国公民在世界大战期间会被关押的 现实, 非洲难以忍受的酷热都丝毫未能阻碍他。

　　【翻译技巧】 本句使用“语序调整法”，并根据上下文推测 词义。

　　【翻译点评】 此句翻译时有两点值得注意:第一,主语是相并列的几个名词性短语;第二, 要推测deter的意思。 从此句的前一句“他充满勇气地面对一些巨大的困难”。此句接着说 这些困难都完全未能deter他,可以推断deter是“阻止,制止,阻碍”的意思。

　　75.【参考译文】 在一个社会中当人们在很多方面都很相似时,就很少有能 够发生变化的需要和机会, 因为似乎一切事物都是千篇一律的。 【翻译技巧】 注意定语从句的翻译，使用溶合法并注意将定 语从句适当转换为时间状语。

　　【翻译点评】 此题翻译时一方面要把where 引导的定语从句翻译出来, 另一方面此句中there are句型在翻译时可将for people中的people作后一句的主语来译。

　　Part Ⅴ 写作指导

　　这是一篇给出各段首句的议论文，要求对每句——即各段的主题句进行适当展开论述。议 论文通常由论点、论据、结论构成。本文已给出三个分论点，要求考生分别写出论据、结论 ，并使三段话形成统一的整体。

　　第一段主题句意思是：竞争是我们社会生活中常见的现象，抓住Common phenomenon，从生活中找出一些存在竞争的情况，但要注意情况的典型性、普遍性，以便紧扣Common一词。这一段是引言段，写好十分重要，考生所给出的竞争现象应该与下文具体分析竞争与合作时的论据、例子有关系，则全文会显得不紧凑。

　　第二段首句“我们常常发现竞争和合作同时并存”，下面的范文就举了一个恰当的例子， 在足球比赛时，竞争与合作的对立统一关系很好地得到证明。

　　第三段首句是：“提倡竞争的同时，我们不能忘记合作。”这一段应该进一步阐述竞争与 合作的辨证关系，从而得出结论：只有在合作的基础上竞争才能很好地帮助我们实现目标， 满足我们国家现代化建设的需要。

　　Sample Writing

　　Competition and Cooperation

　　Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for jobs, money and so forth. We can say to some extent, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of society.

　　We often find competition and cooperation at the same time. Think of a football game. Each team is competing with the other team, but each member of the team is cooperating with his or her teammates. In most cases, we can’t have competition without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.

　　While we are advocating competition, we can not forget cooperation.　Nothing is to be carried to extremes. Pure and exclusive competition leads to failures. Only competition together with cooperation helps us a great deal in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs, especially in modernizing our country.