2018翻译资格考试catti二级笔译模拟试题：抗生素

　　汉译英

　　强效抗生素的种类在世界范围内快速减少，许多传染性疾病专科医生对此忧心忡忡，要求对使用抗生素严加监管的呼声也空前高涨。传染性疾病专科医生很清楚，所有抗生素都有副作用，一种抗生素使用越频繁、越广泛，病菌对其产生抗药性的几率就越大。荷兰对抗生素使用管理更为严格，病菌抗药性要比美国低得多。现在，荷兰的一组研究人员认为医疗工作者对滥用抗生素的反思还不够深刻。

　　阿姆斯特丹学术研究中心的简﹒普林斯说，“作为医生，我们一直都非常重视选择抗生素时要对症下药，但是却忽视了抗生素的合理治疗疗程。”普林斯医生和来自 9 家医院的同事共同开展了小规模研究，研究结果发表在 6 月 10日这一期的《英国医学杂志》上。研究结果显示，即便是肺炎这种可致命性疾病，对有些患者而言，经过 3 天的抗生素治疗就可痊愈，并不需要按照惯例疗程进行 7 至 10 天的治疗，这一研究结果备受争议。　荷兰研究人员对 186 名轻、中度肺炎患者的治愈率进行了研究分析。所有患者最开始都接受了 3 天的阿莫西林静脉注射治疗。之后，对治疗效果明显改善的 119 名患者随机分成两组，一组继续进行为期 5 天的阿莫西林口服治疗，另一组则服用安慰剂。在研究

　　结束前，患者和医生都不清楚哪一组是比照组。在疗程结束时，两组中都有约 89%的患者获得治愈，不再需要进一步干预治疗。约翰﹒保罗医生是英格兰布莱顿苏塞克斯郡医院的微生物学家。保罗医生在为这项研究撰写的评论中指出，研究结果“表明，至少对于一小部分无并发症的社区获得性肺炎患者而言，现行的 7 至 10 天的抗生素治疗推荐疗程应予以修正。”　普林斯医生是该项研究的带头人，他认为现在谈修正推荐疗程为时尚早。他说，这项研究规模较小，作为研究对象的患者病情并不十分严重，在其他独立研究得出类似结论之前，不应急于修正临床抗生素应用推荐疗程。

　　参考译文：

　　The arsenal of antibiotics strong enough to squelch nasty bacteria is rapidly dwindling worldwide, which makes worried infectious-disease doctors more intent than ever that the drugs be deployed only when strictly needed.

　　These specialists know that every antibiotic carries its own risks, and that the more frequently and broadly a drug is used, the more likely it is that harmful microbes will develop tricks to sidestep it. But a team of researchers in the Netherlands, where a more selective use of antibiotics has led to much lower levels of resistant bacteria than are circulating in the United States, thinks the medical finger-waggers have not gone far enough.

　　"As doctors, we've paid a lot of attention to questions of which antibiotics we should use to treat what sorts of infections, but have focused much less on how long that treatment should last," said Dr. Jan Prins of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. In a small but provocative study published in the June 10 issue of the British medical journal BMJ, Dr. Prins and colleagues from nine hospitals suggested that even some cases of pneumonia — a potentially life-threatening disease — could be treated with a three-day course of antibiotics, rather than the conventional 7- to 10-day treatment.

　　The Dutch study analyzed the cure rates of 186 adults who had been hospitalized with mild to moderately severe pneumonia. All received three days of intravenous amoxicillin to start. After that, the 119 who were showing substantial improvement were randomly divided into two groups; about half continued with another five-day course of oral amoxicillin, and the others got look-alike sugar pills. Neither the patients nor the doctors knew who was getting which treatment until the end of their participation in the study.

　　By the end of treatment, roughly 89 percent of the patients in each group were cured of their lung infections without further intervention. In a commentary accompanying the study, Dr. John Paul, a microbiologist at Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, England, writes that, at least for a subset of patients with uncomplicated, community-acquired pneumonia, the finding "suggests that current guidelines recommending 7-10 days should be revised." As lead investigator of the Dutch study, Dr. Prins was not ready to go quite that far. He cited the study's small size and the seriousness of the illness as a reason to wait until the finding is independently replicated before advising a wholesale change in practice.