2018年翻译资格考试英语笔译高级模拟题：国际形势

　　英译汉

　　In the new century, the international situation has continued to undergo profound and complicated changes. World multipolarization and economic globalization are progressing amid twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the widespread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history.

　　At present, Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia. With concerted efforts, relevant Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in economic restructuring, quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation, and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks. Asia has retained its position as one of the world's most dynamic regions and a key growth point in global trade. We are full of confidence in the future of Asia's development.

　　The Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue is a forum for China and the United States to discuss a wide range of strategic, long-term, and global issues that bear on the relations between the two countries. It is an upgrade from two previous mechanisms, namely the China-U.S. Senior Dialogue (also known as the China-U.S. Strategic Dialogue) and the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue.

　　With deepening Sino-US relations and a shifting international political landscape, both China and the United States became aware of the need for a higher-level and more substantive mechanism for dialogue. On April 1, 2009 at the G-20 London summit, President Hu Jintao of China and President Barack Obama of the United States reached agreement on the creation of a new mechanism for Sino-US strategic and economic dialogue. Combining the former China-U.S. Senior Dialogue and Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the upgraded forum comprises a "Strategic Track" and an "Economic Track" co-chaired by special representatives of the heads of state of both countries.

　　The dialogue covers not only bilateral issues, but also multilateral topics such as financial sector reform, balanced growth of the world economy, climate change, and regional security. It plays an important role in strengthening Sino-US ties, facilitating high-level strategic interaction between the two countries, and contributing to the building of a new model of major-power relationship.

　　There are some undeniable new links in the strategic interests of China and Japan in the 21st century.

　　First is dealing with non-traditional threats to security. With the development of the international situation since the end of the Cold War, in particular since the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, and the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003, there has been an obvious increase in awareness of non-traditional security threats. Jointly coping with the challenges/The strategic needs to jointly cope with the challenges posed by those threats will surely become a strong link in the relationship between China and Japan in the 21st century.

　　Second, enhancing cooperation in the field of traditional security is also a cornerstone of Sino-Japanese strategic interests.

　　With regard to traditional security, since mutual trust has not yet been achieved, both sides will be especially concerned with the other's growing power and how that power could be used.

　　Thus China and Japan should treat each other's development with an equal, normal and realistic attitude. Both countries have reached a consensus on establishing "a friendly cooperative partnership devoted to peace and development," which was demonstrated in their joint statement signed in 1998.What we need to do in the future is to realize this consensus.

　　Third, "no more war between China and Japan" is the most fundamental common ground linking the strategic interests of the two countries.

　　China and Japan are close neighbors separated only by a strip of water. This indicates that it is convenient either to cooperate with each other or do harm to each other. Modern military technology has made it absolutely certain that the one who does harm to the other will face immediate retaliation. If a war broke out between us two neighbors, there would be nothing else but a no-win consequence. Therefore, to some extent, "no more war between China and Japan" is the most basic joining point of strategic interests between the two countries.

　　Politics is a reflection of the economy. The fact that Japan is an economic giant will surely be reflected in politics.

　　Japan's becoming "a major political power" resulted from the trend of multi-polarization in the international structure. However, under the increasingly close Japan-US alliance, Japan's diplomatic clout has not gone beyond being a medium nation subordinate to the United States, despite its wish of becoming "a major political power".

　　Of course, there are two sides to every coin. Since the 1990s, by participating in the United Nations' peacekeeping activities, Japan has played its own part in many "hot spots" around the world. It can be argued that Japan's being independent of the United States is the pre-condition of its becoming "a major political power. " In this respect, the United States will not really be pleased with and supportive of Japan's ascension to {& a major political power" because this means Japan will no longer be so closely aligned with America, or like some European countries, will even dare to say no to the United States.

　　But from the viewpoint of the international community, Japan's role as a major political power is in line with the developing trend of multi-polarization.

　　National interests of a country include economic interests, security interests, political interests and social interests, etc. There are joining points in economic, security, political and social interests between China and Japan.

　　Since both China and Japan regard developing economy as the primary task of the nation, economic interests are at the core of their national interests. Developing Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation conforms to not only the interests of both countries but also the trend of economic globalization.

　　China is still faced with the task of realizing industrialization. Hence, the fundamental interests of China's relations with Japan lie in how to make use of and learn from Japan's technology and experience to accelerate China's industrialization. While on Japan's part, it is of fundamental interest to benefit from China's rapid economic growth and energetic reform.

　　China and Japan have their respective advantages regarding productive factors, such as labor forces, land, technology, capital and management. Developing Sino-Japanese economic cooperation can help activate the respective advantages of the two countries, which is also a fundamental objective in developing Sino-Japanese economic and trade relationship.

　　参考译文

　　进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。世界多极化和经济全球化灾曲折中发展。科技进步日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应付的严峻挑战，尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。

　　当前亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。经过共同努力，亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影，战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击，经济结构调整取得成效，产业升级换代步伐加快，区域合作方兴未艾，抗御风险能力不断增强。亚洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一，也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。

　　中美战略与经济对话是中美双方就事关两国关系发展的战略性、长期性、全局性问题而进行的战略对话，是由中美战略对话与中美战略经济对话两大机制升级而来的。

　　随着中美关系不断发展和国际形势的变化，双方认识到须要进行不断提升对话层次、丰富对话内容。2009年4月1日，中国国家主席胡锦涛与美国总统奥巴马在伦敦参加二十国集团金融峰会期间举行会晤，双方就建立中美战略与经济对话机制达成一致，将之前的中美战略对话和中美战略经济对话合二为一，升级为由双方元首特使领衔的中美战略与经济对话机制。

　　中美战略与经济对话机制的议题不仅涉及双边，也包括国际金融体系改革、全球经济平衡增长、气候变化、地区安全等多边议题。它为促进中美关系发展和两国高层战略互动发挥了重要作用，有利于中美新型大国关系的构建。

　　不可否认，在21世纪中日两国战略利益是存在新的交汇点的。

　　首先，共同对付非传统威胁2是中日战略利益的交汇点之一。随着冷战后国际形势的发展，特别是“9·11”事件、非典疫情爆发以来3，对非传统安全问题的关注明显上升，共同对付非传统威胁的战略需要必将成为连接21世纪中日关系的强韧纽带。

　　其次，在传统安全方面加强合作也是中日战略利益的一个重要交汇点。

　　在传统安全方面，在中日双方尚难以达到互信4的状况下，就会特别关注对方的力量发展和如何使用这种力量的意图。因此，中日两国应该以对等、正常、实事求是的心态来看待对方发展。在1998年签署的中日《共同声明》中，中国已同日本达成了建立“致力于和平与发展的友好合作的伙伴关系”的共识，5今后需要真正将这种伙伴关系落到实处。

　　第三，“中日不再战”是两国战略利益的最根本的交汇点。

　　中日两国是“一衣带水”6的邻邦，这不仅意味着合作起来很方便而且也意味着加害于对方也很方便7，特别是现代战争技术已经使得受害方立即实施报复成为可能，如果我们两大邻国再爆发战争，其结果必定是“双输”。8在一定意义上或许可以说，“中日不再战”是中日两国战略利益的“最大交汇点”。

　　政治是经济的集中表现。日本成为“经济大国”的现实必然要反映到政治上来。

　　日本走向“政治大国”9是国际格局多极化使然。但是，在日趋紧密的日美同盟之下，日本尽管有做“政治大国”的愿望，其外交在本质上依然摆脱不了对美从属的“中等国家外交”的境界。10当然，日美关系中既然有美对日控制的一面，就必然有日对美反控制的一面。11 20世纪90年代以来，日本通过参加联合国维和活动，在不少“热点”地区的冲突中发挥出自己的作用。可以认为，日本对美独立性的增强是日本走向“政治大国”的前提条件，从这个意义上说，美对日成为真正的“政治大国”是不会高兴不会支持的，12因为这意味着日本会逐渐变得不那么“紧跟”，不那么听话，甚至成为像某些欧洲国家那样敢于顶撞美国13的国家。

　　然而，在国际社会看来，日本发挥政治大国的作用符合多极化发展趋势。

　　一国的国家利益包括经济利益、安全利益、政治利益、社会利益筹，中日两国的经济利益、安全利益、政治利益、社会利益等方面均存在着“利益交汇之处”。

　　鉴于中日两国都把发展经济作为国家的首要任务，因此可以说经济利益也是中日国家利益交汇的基础和核心，发展中日经贸合作既符合中日两国的利益，也符合经济全球化的潮流。

　　当今中国仍面临着实现工业化的任务，那么，如何利用和借鉴日本的工业化技术和经验来加快中国工业化，就成为我国发展对日关系的根本利益所在。14而日本也需要从中国的快速经济增长和充满活力的改革中获益，这又成为日本发展对华关系的根本利益所在。

　　中日两国有着各自的生产要素优势15，如劳动力、土地、技术、资金、管理等，发展中日经济合作可以促使两国各自优势的活力竞相迸发，这也是发展中日经贸关系的根本目的之所在。