中国加入WTO对国内汽车工业的影响

　　中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分：中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。中国汽车工业有以下优势：首先，中国在21世纪将成为世界上最大的消费市场。其次，中国已建立起完整的汽车工业体系，某些产品已达到20世纪90年代国际技术水平。再次，某些进口车型已高度本土化。最后，廉价的劳动力是中国战胜外国竞争者的武器。

　　中国加入WTO将对国内汽车工业产生重大积极影响。第一，加入WTO可以加快汽车市场的发展。第二，加入WTO可以降低用于汽车工业的某些产品的价格。第三，贸易自由化将刺激国际贸易的发展并刺激汽车出口。最后，随着个人成为汽车的主力，加入WTO将加速私有汽车市场的发展。

　　中国加入WTO也将产生消极影响。第一，来自日本、美国、德国、法国、意大利以及其它国家的大型汽车公司将显示出他们的优势并利用其技术、营销以及运转资金方面的优势。第二，加入WTO后，市场的快速自由化将使中国的汽车制造商的税收和利润大幅下跌，这将迫使汽车制造商解聘许多雇员。1992年年末，中国汽车工业在岗人数约为185万人。第三，税收和利润的萎缩将大幅减少政府征自汽车工业的税收。1992年，汽车工业的总产值占全年国内工业总产值的12 010。1997年，汽车工业缴纳利税200亿人民币，占国民生产总值重要部分。进口的减少将造成关税及其它从国外进口的汽车相关的产品税收的显著下降。最后，一旦跨国公司在中国建立起销售网络，他们将能够在国内市场上推出许多产品和服务。

　　 答案

　　Influence of China's WTO Accession on Domestic Automotive Industry

　　China's automotive industry can be roughly divided into two factions: purely Chinese companies and Chinese companies working under multinational automotive groups. The Chinese automotive industry is strong in several aspects. First, China will become the world's largest consumer of automobiles in the 21st century. Second, China has established a complete automotive industrial system, with some car products reaching international technological levels equivalent to those of the 1990s. Third, some imported models have been highly localized.

　　Finally, cheap labor is a weapon that China can use to fight against foreign competitors.

　　China's WTO entry will have a good deal of positive influence on domestic automotive industry. First, WTO accession may advance the growth of the auto market. Second, entering the WTO may lower the prices of products used in the automotive industry. Third, trade liberalization will spur the development of international trade and stimulate automobile exports. Finally, the WTO entrance will accelerate the development of the private auto market, as individuals will be the major force behind auto purchases.

　　China's WTO will also have some negative impact. First, giant automotive companies from Japan, the US, Germany, France, Italy and other countries will be able to fully flex their muscles and take advantage of their superiority in technology, marketing and working capital. Second, excessively rapid liberalization of the market after WTO entry will lead to plummeting revenues and profits for China's auto makers, which may force car makers into laying off some of their employees. At the end of 1992, China's automotive industry employed roughly l.85 million people. Third, the shrinking revenues and profits will also significantly decrease the taxes that the Chinese government can levy on the industry. In 1992, the auto industry's total production value accounted for 120/o of the total domestic industrial production value of the year. In 1997, the auto industry paid RMB20 billion in taxes, accounting for a crucial portion of the GDP. The decrease in imports will lead to a significant drop in customs taxes and other taxes on automobile-related products imported. Finally, once multinational companies establish sales networks in China, they will be able to launch many products and services onto the domestic market.

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