2018年翻译资格考试初级笔译试题：米尔顿·弗里德曼

　　英译汉

　　Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94. Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94. Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century‟s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.

　　Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.In Professor Friedman‟s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work. The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976. Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.

　　“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.” Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it‟s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public‟s view.”

　　Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways,and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series.

　　参考译文：

　　著名经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼今天在旧金山去世，享年 94 岁。米尔顿·弗里德曼生前住在旧金山，是二战后“自由市场经济”教父，曾大力倡导各国减少政府干预，强调市场个体责任。保守派和自由派经济学家都一致认为曾获诺贝尔奖的弗里德曼是二十世纪最具影响力的经济学家之一，与约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯和保罗·萨缪尔森比肩齐名。

　　二战后，弗里德曼高举经济保守主义的大旗，向凯恩斯理论发起挑战。凯恩斯勋爵是英国经济学家，主张在资本主义国家中政府有责任帮助摆脱经济衰退，防止经济过热引发高通胀。当时，凯恩斯的理论被奉若神明。

　　弗里德曼教授认为，政府的职责与凯恩斯理论恰恰相反，即，政府不应干预经济，而应让自由市场自行运转，无为而治。在弗里德曼看来，政府唯一可用的干预杠杆就是控制货币供应。在二十世纪五十年代他认同这一货币学派观点时，这一观点早已不受推崇。之后，弗里德曼取得了一项重大成就，准确预测出了所谓滞涨的出现，即，失业率不断攀升与通货膨胀不断加剧两种现象同时发生，这在当时是一种前所未有的现象。他因此获得了1976 年的诺贝尔经济学奖。

　　弗里德曼的同事们称，像弗里德曼这样对经济学界和政府都能产生重大影响的人可谓凤毛麟角。弗里德曼从未在政府部门任职，但是他却常常作为顾问和专家成为政府的座上宾。美联储主席本·伯南克今天在悼词中称，“米尔顿 ·弗里德曼在经济学界无出其右，堪称翘楚，他对当代货币经济学的直接和间接影响之大，难以言表。”前美联储主席艾伦·格林斯潘周二接受采访时谈到了弗里德曼，他说，“从更长远的角度来看，能够真正产生深远影响的是他的学术成就，不过必须指出，他对美国大众舆论已经产生了深刻影响。”弗里德曼阐释观点时能做到深入浅出、浅显易懂，也正因如此，他编著或合著了十几本书，在 1966 年至 1983 年期间担任《新闻周刊》的专栏作家，甚至成为公共电视系列节目的明星嘉宾。