2016年CATTI三级笔译语法讲义四

　　独立主格与非谓语动词：

　　独立主格

　　独立主格的结构一： 名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

　　Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper __ it closely.

　　A followed B following C to follow D being followed

　　All things __, the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

　　独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

　　After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys __ to go to school.

　　A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

　　非谓语动词

　　非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

　　句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

　　43.No matter how frequently __, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

　　to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

　　一些特殊的动词：

　　第一个：remember 记住;

　　62. I remember __ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

　　第二个：want 想要;

　　48. Your hair wants __. You'd better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　18. This room is so dirty that it wants __.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三个：mean 意味;

　　25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __ trouble.

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　非谓语动词的译法

　　1.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (现在分词正常使用)

　　即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。

　　2.Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou-En Lai.

　　他们两个人坐火车于1922年3月到柏林，立即去周恩来的住处。

　　The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut a fifth of a hectare of wheat a day.

　　在1800年，一个农民，使用镰刀，在一天内可望收割五分之一公顷小麦。

　　3.When Chou En Lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

　　周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到的是一个身材瘦小、比普通人略高一点的人，两眼闪着光辉，面貌很引人注意，称得上清秀。

　　4.With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support parents.

　　随着物价和房租迅速上涨，许多年轻大学毕业生无法挣钱养活自己，更不用说赡养父母。

　　5.Situated at the base of the Mt. Lofty Ranges, Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.

　　阿德莱德位于罗夫迪岭山麓，属地中海型气候。

　　This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.

　　附近风光秀丽，过去是燕京八景之一。

　　6.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.

　　朱德顾不得来过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调说明自己的身份。